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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of remote sensing >Using satellite imagery and GIS for land-use and land-cover change mapping in an estuarine watershed
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Using satellite imagery and GIS for land-use and land-cover change mapping in an estuarine watershed

机译：在河口流域使用卫星图像和GIS进行土地利用和土地覆盖变化制图

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The degradation of world-wide estuarine ecosystems as a result of accelerated human population growth accompanied by agricultural, industrial and urban development justifies a strong need to find efficient ways to manage and protect these sensitive environments. Starting from 2001, the authors have been involved in an interdisciplinary research project aiming to develop environmental indicators for integrated estuarine ecosystem assessment in the Gulf of Mexico. As part of this project, a study was conducted to characterize land-use and land-cover changes with the Pensacola estuarine drainage area as a case. The Pensacola bay was targeted because it is one of few exemplary large river-driven estuarine systems across the northern Gulf of Mexico. The study had two major sections. The first part was dedicated to the development of an improved method for coastal land-use and land-cover mapping, which was built upon hierarchical classification and spatial reclassification. An image scene was separated into urban and rural regions early in the classification, with a 'mask' defined by road intersection density slices combined with road buffers. Each part was classified independently in its most effective context and, later, both were merged to form a complete map. In spatial reclassification, image interpretation procedures, auxiliary vector data and a variety of Geographical Information System (GIS) functions were synthesized to resolve spectral confusion and improve mapping accuracy. This method was used to map land use and land cover from Landsat Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (TM/ETM+) imagery for 1989, 1996 and 2002, respectively. The accuracy assessment shows that the overall classification errors were less than 10%. The second part focused on the analysis of the spatio-temporal dynamics of estuarine land-use and land-cover changes by using post-classification comparison and GIS overlay techniques. The project has revealed that a substantial growth of low-density urban land occurred in the lower drainage basin in connection with population and housing growth, as well as a significant increase of mixed forest land in the upper watershed as a result of active logging and harvesting operations. These growths were achieved at the cost of evergreen forest and wetlands, thus compromising safeguards for water quality, biodiversity of aquatic systems, habitat structure and watershed health in the Pensacola estuarine drainage area.
机译：由于人口增长的加速以及农业，工业和城市发展的结果，全球河口生态系统的退化证明了迫切需要找到有效的方法来管理和保护这些敏感环境。从2001年开始，作者参与了一个跨学科研究项目，旨在为墨西哥湾的综合河口生态系统评估开发环境指标。作为该项目的一部分，进行了一项研究，以彭萨科拉河口流域为例来描述土地利用和土地覆盖的变化。彭萨科拉湾成为袭击目标，因为它是整个墨西哥湾北部为数不多的由大型河流驱动的河口系统之一。该研究分为两个主要部分。第一部分致力于开发一种改进的沿海土地利用和土地覆盖制图方法，该方法建立在分层分类和空间重新分类的基础上。在分类的早期，将图像场景分为城市和乡村区域，并通过道路交叉口密度切片和道路缓冲区定义“遮罩”。每个部分在其最有效的上下文中均被独立分类，然后将两者合并以形成完整的地图。在空间重分类中，合成了图像解释程序，辅助矢量数据和各种地理信息系统（GIS）功能，以解决光谱混淆和提高制图精度的问题。该方法分别用于分别从1989年，1996年和2002年的Landsat Thematic Mapper / Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus（TM / ETM +）影像中绘制土地利用和土地覆盖图。准确性评估表明，总体分类误差小于10％。第二部分着重于利用分类后比较和GIS覆盖技术对河口土地利用和土地覆盖变化的时空动态进行分析。该项目表明，与人口和住房的增长有关，下流域的低密度城市土地大量增加，并且由于积极采伐和采伐，上游流域的混合林地大量增加操作。这些增长是以常绿森林和湿地为代价的，因此损害了彭萨科拉河口流域水质，水生生物多样性，生境结构和流域健康的保障。

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