Computer-aided analysis, modeling, and design of microwave/radiofrequency (RF) circuits have evolved over the decades. For example, electromagnetic (EM) solvers, initially used for design validations, are now directly exploited in design processes where the dimensions of a microwave structure of interest are adjusted through iterations involving repetitive EM simulations.rnOne reason for the increasing popularity of EM simulation-driven design and the need for appropriate methodologies is that new classes of microwave/ RF structures have recently emerged for which no design-applicable theoretical models exist and, consequently, no systematic design techniques are available.
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