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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of river basin management >Cloud to coast: integrated assessment of environmental exposure, health impacts and risk perceptions of faecal organisms in coastal waters
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Cloud to coast: integrated assessment of environmental exposure, health impacts and risk perceptions of faecal organisms in coastal waters

机译：云到海岸：对沿海水域粪便生物的环境暴露，健康影响和风险感知的综合评估

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The proper recognition and calculation of polluted sources and the fate and transport of faecal organisms in catchments, river networks and coastal waters are very important to the assessment of environmental exposure, health impacts and risk perceptions of faecal indicator organisms (FIO) in coastal waters. The paper reviews the integrated modelling techniques for faecal processes from cloud to coast, including sediment and faecal bacteria interactions, and then presents a theoretical and case study in the numerical modelling for FIO levels in the river Ribble and Fylde Coast using the two-dimensional or three-dimensional environmental fluid dynamics code and the 1D Flow And Solute Transport in Estuaries and Rivers models, respectively. The related key parameters in the linked model are illustrated and analysed, together with validation of the hydrodynamic processes and the faecal bacteria concentration levels being undertaken using measured related data acquired in 1999. Using the model results, a quantitative microbial risk assessment is undertaken, where a moderate dose for swimming in faecal coliform-laden flows is accepted, as given by the European (EU) water quality standard requirements. The results show that some local regions of relatively high concentration exist near the outfalls and these values are not compliant with the mandatory and tighter microbial standards in the UK, as governed by the new EU Water Framework Directive. Finally, some new research and key challenges for the future are discussed in the paper.
机译：正确识别和计算污染源以及集水区，河流网络和沿海水域中粪便生物的结局和运输对于评估沿海水域中的粪便指示生物（FIO）的环境暴露，健康影响和风险感知至关重要。本文回顾了从云到海岸的粪便过程的综合建模技术，包括沉积物和粪便细菌的相互作用，然后提出了使用二维或二维方法对Ribble河和Fylde海岸的FIO水平进行数值建模的理论和案例研究。三维环境流体动力学代码以及河口和河流模型中的一维流动和溶质运移。说明和分析了链接模型中的相关关键参数，并使用1999年获得的相关测量数据验证了流体动力学过程和粪便细菌浓度水平。使用模型结果，进行了定量微生物风险评估，其中根据欧洲（EU）水质标准要求，可以接受中等剂量的大肠埃希氏菌流中游泳的剂量。结果表明，在排放口附近存在一些浓度较高的局部区域，这些值不符合新的欧盟水框架指令所规定的英国强制性和更严格的微生物标准。最后，本文讨论了一些新的研究和未来的关键挑战。

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