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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of river basin management >Water quality assessment in the Pangani River basin, Tanzania: natural and anthropogenic influences on the concentrations of nutrients and inorganic ions
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Water quality assessment in the Pangani River basin, Tanzania: natural and anthropogenic influences on the concentrations of nutrients and inorganic ions

机译：坦桑尼亚潘加尼河流域的水质评估：自然和人为因素对养分和无机离子浓度的影响

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摘要

The ongoing rapid expansions of human activities and population dynamics have a potential impact on the environmental quality of the Pangani River basin, one of the largest water resources in Tanzania, including possible loadings of different kinds of micro-contaminants. However, the specific extent of the impacts is not well investigated. In this work, we assessed the environmental quality of the basin, based on the seasonal characterization of phys-icochemical water and sediment parameters, dissolved inorganic ions and nutrient loads. The contributions of geochemical processes and land-use practices were evaluated by multivariate correlations and principal component analysis (PCA). Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to classify similar water quality stations and identify the most and least enriched ones. Surface waters were slightly alkaline, characterized by low total dissolved solids (48-652 mg/L). Extremely low oxygen concentration (2.0 mg/L) was also a cause of concern at one station. The Na~+ and HCO_3~- ions provided the dominant cation and anion, respectively. The PCA identified the weathering of carbonate- and Na~+-bearing rocks, gypsum dissolution and atmospheric deposition of sea salt as the major factors controlling the ionic composition, contributing more than 60% of the spatial variance. The concentration profiles of the chemical species showed a generally low level of anthropogenic inputs, except at a few locations where nitrate and nitrite were significantly enriched above the limits of safe exposure, with patterns indicating influences of farming and livestock-keeping. A seasonal difference was observed, with lower ion concentrations during the rainy season, likely due to the dilution effect of increased water discharge. This study provides new insights into the environmental quality of the basin and indicates the need for continuous monitoring and assessment of the chemical species in the area.
机译：人类活动和人口动态的持续快速增长对潘加尼河流域的环境质量有潜在影响，潘加尼河流域是坦桑尼亚最大的水资源之一，其中可能包含各种微污染物。但是，影响的具体程度尚未得到很好的调查。在这项工作中，我们根据物理化学化学水和沉积物参数，溶解的无机离子和养分含量的季节性特征评估了流域的环境质量。地球化学过程和土地利用实践的贡献通过多元相关性和主成分分析（PCA）进行了评估。层次聚类分析用于对相似的水质站点进行分类，并确定富集程度最高和最富裕的站点。地表水呈弱碱性，特征是总溶解固体含量低（48-652 mg / L）。一个站的氧气浓度极低（2.0 mg / L）也是引起关注的原因。 Na〜+和HCO_3〜-离子分别提供主要的阳离子和阴离子。 PCA将含碳酸盐和含Na〜+的岩石的风化，石膏的溶解和海盐在大气中的沉积确定为控制离子组成的主要因素，占空间变化的60％以上。化学物质的浓度分布图显示，人为输入的水平通常较低，除了少数几个地方，硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐在安全暴露极限以上明显富集，并显示出农业和畜牧业的影响。观察到季节差异，在雨季离子浓度较低，这可能是由于排水量增加造成的稀释作用。这项研究为流域的环境质量提供了新的见解，并指出需要对该地区的化学物种进行连续监测和评估。

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