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Reassessing the Foundations of Semiotics: Preliminaries

机译：重新评估符号学的基础：初步

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What justifies a discipline is its grounding in practical activities. Documentary evidence is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for viability. This applies to semiotics as it applies to mathematics, physics, chemistry, computer science, and all other forms of questioning the world. While all forms of knowledge testify to the circularity of the epistemological effort, semiotics knowledge is doubly cursed. There is no knowledge that can be expressed otherwise than in semiotic form; knowledge of semiotics is itself expressed semiotically. Semiotics defined around the notion of the sign bears the burden of unsettled questions prompted by the never-ending attempt to define signs. This indeterminate condition is characteristic of all epistemological constructs, whether in reference to specific knowledge domains or semiotics. The alternative is to associate the knowledge domain of semiotics with the meta-level, i.e., inquiry of what makes semiotics necessary. In a world of action-reaction, corresponding to a rather poor form of causality, semiotics is not necessary. Only in acknowledging the anticipatory condition of the living can grounding for semiotics be found. This perspective becomes critical in the context of a semiotized civilization in which the object level of human effort is progressively replaced by representations (and their associated interpretations).
机译：证明一门学科合理的基础是实践活动。书面证据是生存能力的必要但不充分的条件。这适用于符号学，因为它适用于数学，物理学，化学，计算机科学以及所有其他质疑世界的形式。尽管所有形式的知识都证明了认识论工作的循环性，但符号学知识却受到双重诅咒。除了符号符号形式之外，没有其他知识可以表达。符号学知识本身就是用符号表达的。围绕符号概念定义的符号符号承担着永无止境的符号定义尝试所带来的未解决问题的负担。这种不确定的条件是所有认识论建构的特征，无论是针对特定知识领域还是符号学。另一种选择是将符号学的知识领域与元级别相关联，即查询什么使符号学成为必要。在行动-反应世界中，因果关系形式相当差，符号学不是必需的。只有承认生活的预期状况，才能找到符号学的基础。在符号化文明的背景下，这种观点变得至关重要，在这种文明中，人类努力的对象水平逐渐被表示形式（及其相关的解释）所取代。

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