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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Social Economics >Household disability costs and living standards in Turkey: evidence from a health reform
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Household disability costs and living standards in Turkey: evidence from a health reform

机译：土耳其家庭残疾成本和生活水平：来自卫生改革的证据

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摘要

Purpose - In this study, we attempt to estimate the disability costs of households employing the Standard of Livings (SoL) approach and evaluate the impact of the Universal health system reform implemented in Turkey in 2008. Design/methodology/approach - We apply a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), which simultaneously estimates the disability and living standard equations, including unobserved latent variables. Moreover, we apply a difference-in-differences (DiD) framework to investigate the impact of the universal health insurance (UHT) system and the Green Card programme on living standards. The empirical analysis relies on data derived from the cross-sectional Household Budget Surveys (UBS) during the period 2002-2013. Findings - Our findings suggest a negative and significant impact of disability on SoL, where disability costs reach the 23% of the household income, which is equivalent almost to $2,600 (USD). Furthermore, the disability costs are reduced from $4,450 to $2,260 due to the UHI and the Green Card programme. Research limitations/implications - A major limitation of the study is the data structure, which is based on repeated cross-sectional surveys. By using panel data, it is possible to follow the same individual across time and to implement panel data models to control for unobserved heterogeneity and omitted-variable bias. Social implications - Disability has adverse effects on living standards. The estimation of the disability-related costs may provide a useful guide on policy planning and the design of social benefits. Originality/value - The contribution of this paper is that it is the first study estimating the disability-related costs in Turkey. Furthermore, the contribution lies in the investigation of the 2008 health reform and the Green Card programme and its impact on disability costs.
机译：目的 - 在本研究中，我们试图估计雇用谋取标准（SOL）方法的家庭的残疾费用，并在2008年评估土耳其普遍卫生系统改革的影响。设计/方法论/方法 - 我们申请了一个结构等式建模（SEM），同时估计残疾和生活标准方程，包括未观察到的潜在变量。此外，我们应用差异差异（DID）框架来调查普遍健康保险（UHT）系统和绿卡计划对生活水平的影响。在2002 - 2013年期间，实证分析依赖于横断面家庭预算调查（UBS）的数据。调查结果 - 我们的研究结果表明残疾对Sol的负面和重大影响，残疾成本达到了家庭收入的23％，这近2,600美元（USD）。此外，由于UHI和绿卡计划，残疾成本从4,450美元降至2,260美元。研究限制/影响 - 研究的一个主要限制是数据结构，基于重复的横截面调查。通过使用面板数据，可以在时间跨越同一个体，并实现面板数据模型以控制不检测的异构性和省略可变偏置。社会影响 - 残疾对生活水平产生不利影响。估计与残疾相关成本可提供关于政策规划和社会福利的设计的有用指南。原创性/价值 - 本文的贡献是它是第一次估算土耳其残疾人费用的研究。此外，贡献在于2008年卫生改革和绿卡计划的调查及其对残疾成本的影响。

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