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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Social Robotics >Representing Affective Facial Expressions for Robots and Embodied Conversational Agents by Facial Landmarks
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Representing Affective Facial Expressions for Robots and Embodied Conversational Agents by Facial Landmarks

机译：通过面部地标表示机器人和具体化的会话代理的情感面部表情

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摘要

Affective robots and embodied conversational agents require convincing facial expressions to make them socially acceptable. To be able to virtually generate facial expressions, we need to investigate the relationship between technology and human perception of affective and social signals. Facial landmarks, the locations of the crucial parts of a face, are important for perception of the affective and social signals conveyed by facial expressions. Earlier research did not use that kind of technology, but rather used analogue technology to generate point-light faces. The goal of our study is to investigate whether digitally extracted facial landmarks contain sufficient information to enable the facial expressions to be recognized by humans. This study presented participants with facial expressions encoded in moving landmarks, while these facial landmarks correspond to the facial-landmark videos that were extracted by face analysis software from full-face videos of acted emotions. The facial-landmark videos were presented to 16 participants who were instructed to classify the sequences according to the emotion represented. Results revealed that for three out of five facial-landmark videos (happiness, sadness and anger), participants were able to recognize emotions accurately, but for the other two facial-landmark videos (fear and disgust), their recognition accuracy was below chance, suggesting that landmarks contain information about the expressed emotions. Results also show that emotions with high levels of arousal and valence are better recognized than those with low levels of arousal and valence. We argue that the question of whether these digitally extracted facial landmarks are a basis for representing facial expressions of emotions is crucial for the development of successful human-robot interaction in the future. We conclude by stating that landmarks provide a basis for the virtual generation of emotions in humanoid agents, and discuss how additional facial information might be included to provide a sufficient basis for faithful emotion identification.
机译：情感机器人和具体化的对话代理要求令人信服的面部表情，使其在社会上可以被接受。为了能够虚拟生成面部表情，我们需要研究技术与人类对情感和社会信号的感知之间的关系。面部标志物（面部关键部分的位置）对于感知面部表情所传达的情感和社会信号非常重要。较早的研究并未使用这种技术，而是使用模拟技术来生成点光源的面部。我们研究的目的是调查数字提取的面部标志是否包含足够的信息以使面部表情能够被人类识别。这项研究为参与者提供了以移动地标编码的面部表情，而这些面部地标对应于由人脸分析软件从行为情感的全脸视频中提取的人脸地标视频。向16位参与者展示了具有里程碑意义的视频，并指示他们根据所表达的情感对序列进行分类。结果显示，在五个具有里程碑意义的面部视频（幸福，悲伤和愤怒）中，有三个能够正确识别情绪，而对于其他两个具有里程碑意义的视频（恐惧和厌恶），其识别准确度均低于机会，建议地标包含有关表达的情绪的信息。结果还表明，具有较高唤醒和价态的情绪比具有较低唤醒和价态的情绪更好地被识别。我们认为，这些数字化提取的面部标志是否是表示情绪面部表情的基础的问题对于未来成功的人机交互发展至关重要。最后，我们通过指出地标为类人生物代理中的虚拟情感生成提供了基础，并讨论了如何包括其他面部信息以为忠实的情感识别提供足够的基础。

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  • 来源
    《International Journal of Social Robotics》 |2013年第4期|619-626|共8页
  • 作者

    Caixia Liu; Jaap Ham; Eric Postma; Cees Midden; Bart Joosten; Martijn Goudbeek;

  • 作者单位

    Human-Technology Interaction Group Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences Eindhoven University of Technology">(1);

    Tilburg Center for Cognition and Communication Tilburg University">(2);

    Human-Technology Interaction Group Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences Eindhoven University of Technology">(1);

    Tilburg Center for Cognition and Communication Tilburg University">(2);

    Human-Technology Interaction Group Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences Eindhoven University of Technology">(1);

    Tilburg Center for Cognition and Communication Tilburg University">(2);

    Tilburg Center for Cognition and Communication Tilburg University">(2);

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Robots; Embodied conversational agents; Emotion; Facial expression; Facial landmarks; FaceTracker;

    机译：机器人;具体的对话代理;情感;表情;面部标志;脸部追踪器;

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