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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of sustainable transportation >Children's school commuting in the Netherlands: Does it matter how urban form is incorporated in mode choice models?
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Children's school commuting in the Netherlands: Does it matter how urban form is incorporated in mode choice models?

机译：荷兰的儿童学校上下班：在模式选择模型中纳入城市形式是否重要？

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Walking and cycling to school is environmentally sustainable and increases children's physical activity. Although it is known that the built environment influences children's travel behavior, there is scant knowledge of how urban form along children's commuting routes affects walking and cycling separately, or of how to incorporate urban form exposures in transport mode choice models. This research investigated (a) the associations between children's transport mode choice and urban form correlates en route, and (b) the consequences of different urban form operationalizations (i.e., individual variables, composite measure, and principal components [PCs]). Global Positioning System devices were used to track 623 trips to and from school made by Dutch children aged 6-11years. Urban form exposures were derived with geographic information systems, and their relationships with mode choice were tested with mixed multinomial logit models in a cross-sectional research design. Differences between the number of associated urban form variables, their magnitudes, and their significance levels were found for both walking and cycling, independent of the operationalization. Urban form was most influential for walking, whereas distance-related effects were absorbed when modeled as PCs. The highest model fit was achieved through PCs; the composite measure resulted in the lowest fit. To maximize the effectiveness of planning and health interventions, walking and cycling must be targeted separately. Policymakers should avoid one-fits-all policies, which are deemed to be inefficient. Because urban form affects model interpretation and fit, careful attention should be paid to how urban form is modeled, and sensitivity analyses should be performed.
机译：步行和骑自行车上学在环境上是可持续的，并增加了儿童的体育锻炼。尽管已知建筑环境会影响儿童的出行行为，但对于沿儿童通勤路线的城市形态如何分别影响步行和骑自行车，以及如何将城市形态暴露纳入交通方式选择模型的知识很少。这项研究调查了（a）儿童的交通方式选择与城市形态之间的联系，以及（b）不同城市形态运营化的后果（即个体变量，综合测度和主要成分[PCs]）。全球定位系统设备用于跟踪6-11岁荷兰儿童往返学校的623次旅行。城市形式的曝光量是通过地理信息系统得出的，并且在横截面研究设计中使用混合多项式logit模型测试了它们与模式选择的关系。发现相关的城市形态变量的数量，其大小以及其显着性水平之间的差异，涉及步行和骑自行车，与操作无关。城市形式对步行影响最大，而当建模为PC时，吸收了与距离相关的影响。通过PC实现了最高的模型拟合度；综合量度导致最低的拟合度。为了最大限度地发挥计划和健康干预措施的有效性，必须分别针对步行和骑自行车。政策制定者应避免万能的政策，因为这种政策效率低下。由于城市形式会影响模型的解释和拟合，因此应特别注意如何对城市形式进行建模，并应进行敏感性分析。

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