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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of sustainable transportation >Toll Competition and Dynamic Toll-Setting Strategies
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Toll Competition and Dynamic Toll-Setting Strategies

机译：收费竞赛和动态收费策略

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摘要

Private toll operators generally seek to maximize their profit while accounting for the re-routing and demand response of the road users and, in the case of competitive toll operation, the response of other toll operators. Traditionally, the literature assumes that toll operators act under perfect information or set up a game-theoretic approach to find the competitive equilibrium. This article takes a different approach. A system-dynamics approach is used to model both the users' route choice and demand response to changes in generalized cost and to model the toll operators' decision rules or toll-update strategies. Simple examples are used to demonstrate that the approach can lead to the traditional equilibrium solution under the assumption of perfect knowledge, but that other solutions may occur when operators use estimates of elasticities based on observed data. The solutions are shown to depend upon the frequency of the decision or change in toll level, and errors are related to the disequilibrium which is present as users respond to changes in toll levels. Finally, alternative toll-setting strategies are investigated whereby one operator may act aggressively to increase its share of the market while maximizing profit. This tactic is compared to the traditional Nash and Stackelberg solutions.
机译：私人收费运营商通常在寻求最大利润的同时，还要考虑道路使用者的重新路由和需求响应，在竞争性收费运营的情况下，还要考虑其他收费运营商的响应。传统上，文献假设收费运营商在完美信息下采取行动或建立博弈论方法以找到竞争均衡。本文采用了不同的方法。系统动力学方法用于对用户的路线选择和对通用成本变化的需求响应进行建模，并对通行费运营商的决策规则或通行费更新策略进行建模。通过简单的例子可以证明，该方法可以在假设完全知识的情况下得出传统的均衡解决方案，但是当操作人员根据观察到的数据使用弹性估计时，可能会出现其他解决方案。示出的解决方案取决于决策的频率或收费水平的变化，并且误差与不平衡有关，当用户响应收费水平的变化时出现不平衡。最后，研究了替代性的收费策略，从而使一个运营商可以采取积极行动来增加其市场份额，同时实现利润最大化。将该策略与传统的Nash和Stackelberg解决方案进行了比较。

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