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Energy for freshwater supply, use and disposal in the Netherlands: a case study of Dutch households

机译:荷兰淡水供应,使用和处置的能源:以荷兰家庭为例

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摘要

This study presents energy requirements for Dutch household water: 10.2 GJ per capita per year, which includes 9.3 GJ (92%) for heating water, 0.6 GJ (6%) for water supply, and 0.2 GJ for wastewater treatment (2%). The top three energy consumers include shower water (58%), dishwasher water (9%) and washing machine water (8%). The Netherlands, a water-abundant country, expends far more energy to heat water for households than to supply municipal water, or to treat and dispose of wastewater. Policies to make water chains more sustainable should focus on use, rather than supply and disposal.
机译:这项研究提出了荷兰家庭用水的能源需求:人均每年10.2 GJ,其中包括9.3 GJ(92%)的热水,0.6 GJ(6%)的供水和0.2 GJ的废水处理(2%)。排名前三的能源消耗者包括淋浴水(58%),洗碗机水(9%)和洗衣机水(8%)。荷兰是一个水资源丰富的国家,与为城市供水或处理和处置废水相比,为家庭取暖消耗的能源要多得多。使水链更具可持续性的政策应侧重于使用,而不是供应和处置。

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