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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of water resources development >Groundwater Overdraft Reduction through Agricultural Energy Policy: Insights from India and Mexico
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Groundwater Overdraft Reduction through Agricultural Energy Policy: Insights from India and Mexico

机译：通过农业能源政策减少地下水超支：印度和墨西哥的见解

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摘要

Rapid expansion of groundwater irrigation has transformed the rural economy in regions around the world, leading to significant increases in agricultural productivity and rising incomes. Farmer investment in wells and pumps has driven this expansion on the demand side; however, the supply of cheap agricultural energy―usually electrical power―is a critical though often overlooked driver of the groundwater boom. One serious outcome in numerous regions around the world has been groundwater overdraft; where pumping exceeds aquifer recharge, water tables have declined and water quality has deteriorated. India and Mexico are two of the largest users of groundwater in the world and both face critical overdraft challenges. The two countries are compared, given that electrical energy supply and pricing are primary driving forces behind groundwater pumping for irrigation in India and Mexico alike. Both countries have attempted regulatory measures to reduce groundwater overdraft. However, with low energy costs and readily available connections, there are few financial disincentives for farmers to limit pumping. The linkages between energy and irrigation are reviewed, comparing and contrasting India and Mexico. Examples of legal, regulatory and participatory approaches to groundwater management are assessed. Finally, the implications of linking electrical power pricing and supply with ongoing groundwater regulation efforts in both countries are explored.
机译：地下水灌溉的迅速扩大改变了世界各地的农村经济，导致农业生产力显着提高和收入增加。农民对水井和水泵的投资推动了需求方面的扩大；然而，廉价的农业能源（通常是电力）的供应是至关重要的，尽管经常被人们忽视，这是地下水繁荣的驱动因素。在世界许多地区，严重的后果之一就是地下水超采。在抽水量超过含水层补给量的情况下，地下水位下降，水质恶化。印度和墨西哥是世界上最大的两个地下水使用者，都面临着严重的透支挑战。两国进行了比较，因为电能供应和价格是印度和墨西哥等地的地下水抽水背后的主要推动力。两国都已尝试采取监管措施来减少地下水超支。但是，由于能源成本低廉且连接方便，农民几乎没有财政上的限制抽水的措施。审查了能源与灌溉之间的联系，比较和对比了印度和墨西哥。评估了地下水管理的法律，法规和参与性方法的实例。最后，探讨了将电力定价和供应与两国正在进行的地下水监管工作联系起来的意义。

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