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首页> 外文期刊>Review of International Political Economy >Varieties of contestation: China's rise and the liberal trade order [Contribution to forum: China's rise in a liberal world order in transition]
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Varieties of contestation: China's rise and the liberal trade order [Contribution to forum: China's rise in a liberal world order in transition]

机译：竞争的多样性：中国的崛起与自由贸易秩序[对论坛的贡献：中国在自由世界秩序过渡中的崛起]

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摘要

This article reassesses whether, and if so how and why, China contests the WTO's liberal trade order. Our framework on 'varieties of contestation' goes beyond the mainstream view of a monolithic Chinese trade policy that either challenges or supports the liberal trade order. We propose a two-step approach that allows for a more differentiated assessment. First, a constructivist analysis captures the extent to which China embraces liberal trade norms. China may contest the validity of the liberal compromise that underpins WTO rules (frame contestation) or merely express disapproval regarding their application (claim contestation). Second, a political-economic analysis of sector-specific preferences allows us to explain why China engages in contestation in some cases, but not in others. Empirically, we examine three sectors that have played a crucial role in recent WTO discussions: steel, agriculture, and information technology. We find that contestation is more prevalent in steel and agriculture compared to IT. It is only with respect to the steel sector, which is state-permeated and where behind-the-border regulation is at stake, that China contests the validity of the prevailing liberal compromise. This pattern of selective contestation suggests that China will neither entirely abandon the WTO nor proactively revive it.
机译：本文重新评估了中国是否，是否以及如何以及为什么对WTO的自由贸易秩序提出质疑。我们关于“竞争多样性”的框架超出了挑战或支持自由贸易秩序的整体中国贸易政策的主流观点。我们提出了一种两步方法，可以进行更具差异性的评估。首先，建构主义分析反映了中国对自由贸易规范的接受程度。中国可以对作为世贸组织规则基础的自由主义妥协的有效性提出异议（框架争端），或者仅对其适用表示反对（主张争端）。其次，对特定行业偏好的政治经济学分析使我们能够解释为什么中国在某些情况下会参与竞争，而在另一些情况下则不会。根据经验，我们考察了在最近的WTO讨论中发挥关键作用的三个部门：钢铁，农业和信息技术。我们发现，与IT相比，竞争在钢铁和农业中更为普遍。只有在钢铁行业方面，中国才对现行的自由主义妥协的有效性提出质疑，因为钢铁行业是国家渗透的，而落后的法规受到威胁。这种选择性竞争的模式表明，中国既不会完全放弃世贸组织，也不会积极振兴它。

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