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首页> 外文期刊>ISIJ international >Delayed Cracking of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steels after Deep Drawing
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Delayed Cracking of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steels after Deep Drawing

机译：深冲后亚稳态奥氏体不锈钢的延迟开裂

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摘要

Certain metastable austenitic stainless steels, especially low-nickel grades, can be susceptible to delayed cracking after forming operations. Small amount of hydrogen is always present in stainless steels as an inevitable impurity. Delayed cracking results from a time-dependent hydrogen redistribution process driven by stress, either applied or residual. In this study, delayed cracking susceptibility of three metastable austenitic stainless steels 301, 301LN and 304 after deep drawing was examined by Swift cup tests. The objective was to clarify the role of alloy composition, strain-induced a'-martensite and residual stresses in delayed cracking. Hydrogen content of the stainless steels, tested in as-produced condition, was ＜ 3 wppm. Detailed characterization of the Swift cups was performed using X-ray diffraction, magnetic permeability measurement, nanoindentation, FEG-SEM and EBSD. Stainless steel 304 with the highest Ni content was not susceptible to delayed cracking regardless of the presence of a'-martensite. Stainless steel 301 LN with lower Ni content and lower austenite stability showed minor cracking at the highest drawing ratio. Stainless steel 301 was the most susceptible material, and had the highest residual stresses after deep drawing. Residual stress level in the stainless steels was found to be affected by the amount of a'-martensite and also by the hardness of the phases, both of which depend on chemical composition. Fracture mechanism in delayed cracking was predominantly transgranular quasi-cleavage and crack propagation occurred through a'-martensite. High residual stresses and presence of a'-martensite are essential in delayed cracking of austenitic stainless steels.
机译：某些亚稳态的奥氏体不锈钢，尤其是低镍等级的不锈钢，在成形操作后可能会延迟开裂。少量氢总是不可避免地存在于不锈钢中。延迟的开裂是由应力驱动的随时间变化的氢再分布过程造成的，应力是施加的还是残余的。在这项研究中，通过拉丝杯试验研究了三种亚稳态奥氏体不锈钢301、301LN和304在深冲后的延迟开裂敏感性。目的是弄清合金成分，应变诱导的α'马氏体和残余应力在延迟裂纹中的作用。在生产条件下测试的不锈钢中的氢含量＜3 wppm。使用X射线衍射，磁导率测量，纳米压痕，FEG-SEM和EBSD对Swift杯进行详细表征。不管是否存在马氏体，具有最高Ni含量的不锈钢304都不容易延迟破裂。较低的Ni含量和较低的奥氏体稳定性的301 LN不锈钢在最高拉伸比下显示出较小的开裂。不锈钢301是最易受影响的材料，并且在深冲后具有最高的残余应力。发现不锈钢中的残余应力水平受马氏体含量和相硬度的影响，这两者均取决于化学成分。延迟开裂的断裂机制主要是通过粒状准裂解，裂纹通过马氏体发生扩展。高残余应力和马氏体的存在对于奥氏体不锈钢的延迟开裂至关重要。

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