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The Role of Nitrogen in the Corrosion of Iron and Steels

机译：氮在钢铁腐蚀中的作用

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The beneficial effect of nitrogen in steels in resistance against localized corrosion, pitting and crevice corrosion is well proven, but not yet fully understood. The results on dissolution of nitrogen steels in acids are controversial, but the dissolution of Fe-N alloys is enhanced compared to pure iron. Many surface analytical studies have been conducted in the recent years to find out about the state of nitrogen, and mainly the presence of N~(δ-) in the metal surface and NH_3 or NH_4~+ in the passive layer are well established, and moreover, NH_4~+ is the species transferred into the electrolyte in a wide range of potentials. Formation of NH_4~+ will somewhat buffer the acidification in pits. The possible role of N in the steps of pitting, initiation, growth and possible repassivation are discussed, and most important appears the favourable effect on passivation and repassivation, which is effective also for Fe-N alloys. Many authors assume formation of stable Cr- and Mo-nitrides in the steel surface upon dissolution, and retardation of pit growth by these nitrides, however, this mechanism would not apply for Fe-N alloys. Desorption of the aggressive anions induced by the segregated N~(δ-) just after the local failure of the passive layer is proposed to be the mechanism by which nitrogen favours the rapid repassivation of pits.
机译：氮在钢中抵抗局部腐蚀，点蚀和缝隙腐蚀的有益作用已得到充分证明，但尚未完全了解。氮钢在酸中的溶解结果存在争议，但与纯铁相比，Fe-N合金的溶解性得到了增强。近年来，已经进行了许多表面分析研究以了解氮的状态，并且主要确定了金属表面中存在N〜（δ-）和钝化层中存在NH_3或NH_4〜+，并且此外，NH_4〜+是在很宽的电位范围内转移到电解质中的物质。 NH_4〜+的形成会在一定程度上缓冲坑中的酸化。讨论了氮在点蚀，引发，生长和可能的再钝化步骤中的可能作用，最重要的似乎是对钝化和再钝化的有利作用，这对Fe-N合金也有效。许多作者认为，溶解后会在钢表面形成稳定的Cr和Mo氮化物，并且这些氮化物会延缓凹坑的生长，但是这种机理不适用于Fe-N合金。提出了在钝化层局部失效后，由偏析的N〜（δ-）诱导的侵蚀性阴离子的解吸是氮有利于凹坑快速重新钝化的机制。

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