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Correctional Health Is Community Health

机译：矫正健康就是社区健康

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摘要

The recent and dramatic expansion of the criminal justice system in the United States has been described by legal scholars as hyperincarceration, or "mass incarceration." Much of the increase in the size of the prisoner population is a result of the "War on Drugs" and associated federal reforms such as mandatory minimum sentencing laws. Over the past 40 years, "tough on crime" rhetoric and federal grants for law enforcement agencies produced an unprecedented increase in arrests for drug possession. Concurrently, severe mandatory minimum sentences were imposed en masse on people arrested for drug-related charges, resulting in an expanded population of prisoners who would serve longer sentences. Disproportionately, the burden of mass incarceration landed on the backs of the nations most vulnerable populations, namely low-income and undereducated people of color. While the socioeconomic disparities between incarcerated and nonincarcerated populations are stark, the health disparities encountered in incarcerated populations are among the most dramatic. Over half of state prisoners and up to 90% of jail detainees suffer from drug dependence, compared with only 2% of the general population. Hepatitis C is nine to 10 times more prevalent in correctional facilities than in communities. Chronic health conditions, such as asthma and hypertension, and mental health disorders also affect prisoner populations at rates that far exceed their prevalence in the general population. Often, the health care and health status of prisoners is regarded as something insular, something of no concern to, and uniquely disjointed from, the general population. But over 95% of incarcerated individuals will eventually return to their communities, and their health problems and needs will often follow along.
机译：法律学者将美国刑事司法系统的近期和戏剧性扩张描述为过度监禁或“大规模监禁”。囚犯人数增加的大部分原因是“毒品战争”和相关的联邦改革，例如强制性最低刑罚法。在过去的40年中，针对执法机构的“严厉打击犯罪”的言论和联邦拨款使逮捕毒品者的人数空前增加。同时，对因与毒品有关的指控而被捕的人全部实行了严厉的最低刑罚，导致囚犯人数增加，他们将被判更长的刑期。不成比例的是，大规模监禁的负担落在该国最脆弱的人群，即低收入和受教育程度较低的有色人种的背上。虽然被监禁人口与非被监禁人口之间的社会经济差异是明显的，但在被监禁人口中所遇到的健康差异却是最为严重的。超过一半的州囚犯和多达90％的被拘留者患有毒品依赖，而普通人口中只有2％。丙型肝炎在监狱中的流行率是社区的九至十倍。慢性健康状况，例如哮喘和高血压，以及心理健康障碍，对囚犯的影响也远远超过其在一般人群中的流行率。通常，囚犯的医疗保健和健康状况被认为是与世隔绝的事物，与普通民众无关，与世隔绝。但是，超过95％的被监禁人员最终将返回其社区，他们的健康问题和需求往往会随之而来。

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  • 来源
    《Issues in Science and Technology》 |2015年第1期|64-70|共7页
  • 作者

    ALEXANDRIA MACMADU; JOSIAH D. RICH;

  • 作者单位

    Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights;

    Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
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