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Of the several applications under development, research on nonlocalized gene-drive modified mosquitoes to control malaria is perhaps the most advanced. Target Malaria, a not-for-profit research consortium based at Imperial College London with partner institutions around the globe, aims to suppress the population of malaria-transmitting Anopheles mosquitoes in sub-Saharan Africa. The group is developing a nonlocalized suppression drive to reduce the number of female biting mosquitoes. Given that females lay eggs and hence have the largest influence on population size, if such an engineered mosquito were deployed into a wild population, the resulting lack of female mosquitoes remaining for reproduction would induce a population crash. Target Malaria is making significant progress, with the most compelling example being the recent development of a drive targeting a gene, known as doublesex (dsx), that is important for sex determination. In several tests in which multiple generations of mosquitoes were raised in containment cages in a laboratory, the dsx-drive spread to every individual, resulting in complete eradication of the caged mosquito populations. Efforts are now under way to demonstrate effectiveness in larger, more genetically diverse populations. If successful, and if regulatory approvals are granted, these gene drives may enter testing in the field within a decade.
机译:在正在开发的几种应用中,对控制疟疾的非本地化基因驱动修饰蚊子的研究也许是最先进的。目标疟疾是一个不以营利为目的的研究财团,总部位于伦敦帝国理工学院,与全球各地的合作机构合作,旨在遏制撒哈拉以南非洲传播疟疾的按蚊蚊子的数量。该小组正在开发一种非本地化的抑制装置,以减少雌性叮咬蚊子的数量。考虑到雌性会产卵,因此对种群规模的影响最大,如果将这种工程蚊子部署到野外种群中,则所剩无几的雌性蚊子无法繁殖,将导致种群崩溃。目标疟疾正在取得重大进展,最令人信服的例子是针对一种对性别决定很重要的基因-双性(dsx)基因的驱动器的最新发展。在几项测试中,在实验室的密闭笼中饲养了多代蚊子,dsx驱动器扩散到了每个人,从而彻底消除了笼中的蚊子种群。现在正在努力证明其在更大的,遗传多样性更高的人群中的有效性。如果成功,并且获得监管机构的批准,这些基因驱动器可能会在十年内进入现场测试。

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  • 来源
    《Issues in Science and Technology》 |2020年第2期|74-76|共3页
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  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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