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Driver Inattention, Driver Distraction and Traffic Crashes

机译：驾驶员注意力不集中，驾驶员分神和交通事故

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摘要

Collecting reliable data on the role of driver distraction in traffic crashes is not an easy task, as evidenced by the high percentage of drivers on the CDS data file with an unknown attention status. In general, there likely was an underreporting of driver distraction as well as a differential underreporting of specific distracting events. (External distractions, for example, were more likely to be reported than talking on a cell phone.) Studying drivers' exposure to potentially distracting events also was not straightforward. Both data collection and subsequent coding were labor-intensive activities. Obtaining high reliability in the data coding was challenging because of the difficulty in objectively defining start and end points for every possible event or situation (such as a child's distracting cries, sipping coffee, or reaching for something inside the vehicle). The primary measure of exposure was the total duration of an event. Other aspects of exposure (event occurrences, average duration per occurrence, or event "intensity") also might have been investigated. Nevertheless, these study results show that driver distraction is a significant causal factor in traffic crashes. Furthermore, the results suggest that attention must be paid to the "everyday" things drivers do in their vehicles as well as to the new wireless technologies that rapidly are becoming available in vehicles.
机译：收集可靠的数据以了解驾驶员分心在交通事故中的作用并不是一件容易的事，这一点可以从CDS数据文件中驾驶员注意力不明的情况中看出来。一般而言，驾驶员分心的报告可能有所漏报，而特定的分心事件的报告也有所不同。 （例如，比起在手机上通话，更容易引起外界的分心。）研究驾驶员暴露于潜在分心事件的难度也不是一件容易的事。数据收集和随后的编码都是劳动密集型活动。在数据编码中获得高可靠性具有挑战性，因为很难针对每种可能的事件或情况（例如孩子分散注意力的哭声，喝咖啡或伸手去拿车内东西）客观地定义起点和终点。暴露的主要量度是事件的总持续时间。暴露的其他方面（事件发生，每次发生的平均持续时间或事件“强度”）也可能已被调查过。然而，这些研究结果表明，驾驶员分心是交通事故的重要原因。此外，结果表明，必须注意驾驶员在车辆中所做的“日常”工作以及迅速在车辆中可用的新无线技术。

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  • 来源
    《ITE journal》 |2003年第7期|p.34-45|共12页
  • 作者

    JANE C. STUTTS; WILLIAM W. HUNTER;

  • 作者单位

    University of Norh Carolina (HSRC) in Chapel Hill, NC, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 交通运输;
  • 关键词

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