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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems >Behavioral Responses to Road Pricing Schemes: Description of the Danish AKTA Experiment
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Behavioral Responses to Road Pricing Schemes: Description of the Danish AKTA Experiment

机译：道路定价方案的行为响应：丹麦AKTA实验的描述

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The article presents the main results from the AKTA road pricing experiment in Copenhagen. The experiment followed 500 cars equipped with a GPS-based device. The participants' normal travel patterns were observed, after which pricing schemes were implemented. Since realistic and planned levels of wad pricing were tested, the experiment is as close as possible to a real scheme. The GPS device locked the coordinates each second, whereby routes and speed could be tracked. The participants completed questionnaires before and after the experiment, and followed a Stated Preference (SP) experiment before the field experiment. Furthermore, selected participants participated in qualitative focus group interviews. Conclusions are made on the behavioral impacts of the different pricing schemes, road users' attitudes, and the accuracy of different survey and modelling techniques. It appeared that the participants had large difficulties in estimating the normal driving costs (without pricing), while they were more knowledgeable on the length and road pricing. Error component models (mixed logit) improved the fit to the Stated Preference SP-data significantly compared to MNL models, however without altering the Value of Time (VoT) as much as sometime reported in the literature. The results— especially the VoTs—depend, however, largely on the way the SP-experiment was formulated. Also the RP showed large heterogeneities in preferences between participants. The responses on road pricing were somewhat surprising, for example, that behavioral changes in the RP experiment were slightly higher than if pricing were considered as marginal cost, while the SP showed the opposite. One would expect that it was easier to state than change behavior. The longer the period with pricing (8, 10, 12, or more weeks), the larger behavioral impact. This indicates that it takes some time before budget constraints are taken into account.
机译：本文介绍了哥本哈根AKTA道路定价实验的主要结果。该实验跟踪了500辆装有基于GPS的设备的汽车。观察参与者的正常出行方式，然后实施定价方案。由于已经测试了实际和计划中的一揽子定价水平，因此该实验尽可能接近实际方案。 GPS设备每秒锁定坐标，从而可以跟踪路线和速度。参与者在实验之前和之后都完成了问卷调查，并在现场实验之前遵循了陈述的偏好（SP）实验。此外，选定的参与者参加了定性焦点小组访谈。对不同定价方案的行为影响，道路使用者的态度以及不同调查和建模技术的准确性得出结论。参与者似乎在估算正常驾驶费用（不计价）时遇到很大困难，而他们对长度和道路价格更为了解。与MNL模型相比，误差成分模型（混合logit）显着提高了对状态偏好SP数据的拟合度，但是并未像文献报道的那样改变时间价值（VoT）。但是，结果（尤其是VoT）在很大程度上取决于SP实验的制定方式。 RP也显示参与者之间的偏好存在很大的异质性。对道路定价的反应有些令人惊讶，例如，RP实验中的行为变化略高于将定价视为边际成本的行为，而SP则相反。人们会期望陈述比改变行为更容易。定价期越长（8、10、12或更多周），行为影响越大。这表明在考虑预算约束之前需要花费一些时间。

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