All five of the nations bordering the Arctic Ocean have begun to tentatively increase planning for and investment in the equipment needed to carry out surveillance and military operations in the Arctic, though at varying paces.rnRussian investment has arguably attracted most attention. In April 2009, Sergei Kriyenko, the head of the state nuclear corporation Rosatom, said that RUR17 billion (USD578 million) would be invested in constructing a third-generation nuclear-powered icebreaker by 2015, "a double-hull icebreaker capable of moving in rivers and seas".
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