Sonobuoys have been established as a ubiquitous but vital anti-submarine warfare (ASW) tool since the Second World War. But it was during the Cold War period, as the lines were drawn for a possible ASW confrontation between NATO and Warsaw Pact forces, that the science behind the sonobuoy began to leap forward. The first directional passive and active sonobuoys entered service in the 1950s, and in the early 1960s the Low Frequency Analysis and Recording (LOFAR) technology was developed in the US. The first LOFAR production sonobuoy, the AN/SSQ-41, was fielded in 1965 as an omnidirectional passive, 'A'-size sonobuoy.
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