In the midst of large changes in the environment surrounding automobiles and steel industries, including the problem of global warming (CO_2), the new era of global mega-competition, and the need to build people-friendly automobiles, a number of urgent and important challenges now face the automobiles and steel industries. The concrete issues are exemplified in the keywords weight reduction, crashworthiness, pedestrian safety, NVH (noise and vibration harshness), corrosion resistance, durability, maneuverability, shortening of the development cycle (speed), and cost.
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