...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Journal of African earth sciences >Groundwater quality index based on PCA: Wadi El-Natrun, Egypt
【24h】

Groundwater quality index based on PCA: Wadi El-Natrun, Egypt

机译：基于PCA的地下水质量指数：埃及Wadi El-Natrun

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
   

获取外文期刊封面封底 >>

       
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Groundwater is one of the water's main sources for domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses in arid and semiarid regions such as the Egyptian western desert. Extensive extraction of the groundwater may lead to the extraordinary decline of the groundwater level coupled with salinization and quality deterioration. This paper aims to investigate the quality of drinking and irrigation water in 47 pumping wells distributed in Wadi El-Natrun, Egypt. Twenty-three hydrochemical parameters that reflected the complexity of the water quality were considered and evaluated. Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were sequentially applied to produce potential clusters/groups (groundwater quality classes), classify the groundwater quality data into meaningful classes, and identify the most critical parameters in the classification. HCA produces four major clusters. Electrical conductivity has a high correlation with the Total Dissolved solids "TDS", Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfate, and Strontium. PCA deals with highly correlated parameters and reduces them to a few uncorrelated principal components so that the dimensionality of the transformed data is reduced. Hence, the first three principal components were used to group groundwater quality parameters in comparison to HCA. The grouping provided by the HCA strongly reflects the effect of the first three principal components, showing that the two analyses gave comparable results.In fact, the study proposes a modified Ground Water Quality Index (GWQI) based on the weighted GWQI developed by Tiwari and Mishra (1985). The weights of the studied parameters were estimated based on the PCA where only seven PCs covering about 80.5% of total variance, were used. It has been founded that, the resulting weights match well with the classification performed by the two described methods. The proposed method was used to evaluate the suitability of the water for drinking and agricultural uses based on both WHO and FAO standards. Among the 47 studied wells, only five wells could be considered suitable and good for drinking and 18 wells for irrigation. Also, the water samples are characterized by a high concentration of Sodium, Sulfate, Chloride, and Strontium in addition to TDS.
机译：地下水是水中的水域，农业和工业用途的主要来源之一，如埃及西部沙漠等半干旱地区。地下水的广泛提取可能导致地下水位与盐渍化和质量劣化相连的非凡衰退。本文旨在调查在埃及的Wadi El-Natrun分布的47泵井中的饮用和灌溉水的质量。考虑并评估了二十三个水化学参数，反映了水质的复杂性。顺序应用分层聚类分析（HCA）和主成分分析（PCA）以产生潜在的集群/组（地下水质量等级），将地下水质量数据分类为有意义的类，并确定分类中最关键的参数。 HCA产生四个主要集群。电导率与总溶解固体“TDS”，钠，钙，镁，硫酸盐和锶具有高的相关性。 PCA处理高度相关的参数，并将它们减少到一些不相关的主成分，以便减少转换数据的维度。因此，与HCA相比，前三个主要成分用于基于地下水质量参数。 HCA提供的分组强烈反映了前三个主要成分的效果，表明两种分析给出了相当的结果。事实上，该研究提出了一种基于Tiwari开发的加权GWQI的改性地面水质指数（GWQI）。 Mishra（1985）。基于PCA估计研究参数的权重，其中仅使用占总方差约80.5％的七个PC。已经成立，所得到的权重与由两个描述的方法执行的分类相匹配。该拟议方法用于评估基于世卫组织和粮农组织标准的饮用和农业用途的适用性。在47家学习的井中，只有五个井可以被认为是合适的，饮用饮用和18个井进行灌溉。而且，除了TDS之外，水样的特征在于高浓度的钠，硫酸盐，氯化物和锶。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号