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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics >Farming and Landscape Management: How French Farmers are Coping with the Ecologization of Their Activities
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Farming and Landscape Management: How French Farmers are Coping with the Ecologization of Their Activities

机译：农业和景观管理：法国农民如何应对活动的生态化

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摘要

In Europe, an increasing share of public subsidies for food production is being transferred towards the production of goods and environmental services. Today, farmers hesitate between the quest for technical and economic performance, which has been the paradigm of their professional activities since the 1960s, on one hand, and taking account of the environmental concerns that have been imposed since the middle of the 80s, on the other. Is it possible for farmers to continue to work according to the paradigm of the producer of agri-food goods, and how do they react to the ecologization of their activities? In this paper, we will see the difficulties and sources of tension induced by landscape maintenance in the daily professional practice of the farmers. We will see that the professional identity of the farmers is profoundly brought into question by these changes (substitution of strictly “agricultural issues” by more general concerns such as “rural issues,” substitution of the farmer by the “ecologized” peasant...). The topic of landscape reveals social strains between farmers. It also raises the question of the legitimacy of farmers to define the sense of their activities by themselves. Finally we will see that environmental orientations do not systematically open up new prospects for all farmers; they sometimes contribute to increase the inequalities between farmers (financial support proportional to land property, marginalization of farmers who are less socially integrated...).
机译：在欧洲，用于食品生产的公共补贴所占的份额越来越多地转移到商品生产和环境服务上。如今，农民在一方面寻求技术和经济表现这两者之间犹豫不决，这一直是他们自1960年代以来的专业活动范例，而在考虑到80年代中期以来对环境的关注。其他。农民有可能继续按照农业食品生产商的模式工作吗？他们如何对活动的生态化作出反应？在本文中，我们将在农民的日常专业实践中看到景观维护所带来的困难和紧张根源。我们将看到，这些变化对农民的职业身份提出了深刻的质疑（用“农村问题”等更普遍的关注代替了严格的“农业问题”，用“生态化”的农民代替了农民... ）。景观主题揭示了农民之间的社会压力。这也提出了农民合法性的问题，以自己定义自己的活动意识。最后，我们将看到，环境导向并不能系统地为所有农民开辟新的前景。它们有时会加剧农民之间的不平等（与土地财产成比例的财政支持，社会一体化程度较低的农民被边缘化……）。

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