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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the air & waste management association >Distribution of Hg, As and Se in material and flue gas streams from preheater-precalciner cement kilns and vertical shaft cement kilns in China
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Distribution of Hg, As and Se in material and flue gas streams from preheater-precalciner cement kilns and vertical shaft cement kilns in China

机译：中国预热器，分解炉和立式水泥窑物料和烟道气中Hg，As和Se的分布

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摘要

The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of Hg, As, and Se in cement production. Two types of cement plants were studied, including the vertical shaft kiln (VSK) and preheater-precalciner kiln (PPK) processes. Determination of Hg, As, and Se in the main material and gas streams were performed. It was found that recycling of paniculate matter captured by an air pollution control device caused a significant enrichment of Hg and As inside both processes. The total quantity of Hg entering the process and the quantity emitted to the atmosphere were found to be 10-109 and'6.3-38 mg, respectively, per ton of clinker produced. The average Hg emission was calculated to be around 41% of the total mercury input. The emissions found complied with the European Union (EU) limit and exceeded partly the U.S. limit. Furthermore, it was found that oxidized mercury was the dominant species in the PPK process, whereas the reduced form was dominant in the VSK process, due to the oxidizing and reducing gas conditions, respectively. Regarding the distribution of As and Se, the major amounts were bound to the solid materials, that is, cement clinker and particulate matter. Based on cement production data in China in 2013, the annual emissions of Hg and As were estimated to be in the range of 8.6-52 and 4.1-9.5 tons, respectively. Implications: There are fairly limited studies on Hg, As, and Se measurements from cement manufacturing facilities in China, and even more limited studies on the behavior in vertical shaft kilns. The needs for increased emission reduction efforts in energy-intensive industries are globally recognized, and an improved understanding of the processes ongoing in a cement kilns system is decisive. Since the processes are complex and almost impossible to recreate in the laboratory, field measurements are indeed important. The findings in the present study were solely based on field measurements and the data are considered to be valuable for the further development of emission reduction technology.
机译：这项研究的目的是评估水泥生产中汞，砷和硒的行为。研究了两种水泥厂，包括立式竖窑（VSK）和预热器-预分解窑（PPK）。进行了主要物料和气流中Hg，As和Se的测定。已经发现，由空气污染控制装置捕获的颗粒物的再循环导致两个过程中的汞和砷大量富集。发现每吨熟料产生的进入过程的汞总量和排放到大气中的汞量分别为10-109和'6.3-38 mg。计算出的平均汞排放量约为总汞输入量的41％。发现的排放量符合欧盟（EU）限制，部分超过了美国限制。此外，还发现，氧化的汞是PPK工艺中的主要物质，而还原形式在VSK工艺中则主要是由于氧化和还原气体条件。关于As和Se的分布，主要是固结物，即水泥熟料和颗粒物。根据2013年中国水泥产量数据，估计每年的Hg和As排放量分别为8.6-52吨和4.1-9.5吨。启示：在中国的水泥生产设施中，有关汞，砷和硒的测量研究十分有限，而有关立式竖窑性能的研究则更为有限。能源密集型行业中加大减排力度的需求已得到全球认可，对水泥窑系统中正在进行的过程的更好理解至关重要。由于过程很复杂，几乎不可能在实验室中进行重建，因此实地测量确实很重要。本研究中的发现仅基于现场测量，数据被认为对减排技术的进一步发展具有重要意义。

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    Dahai Yan; Zheng Peng; Qiong Ding; Kare Helge Karstensen; Christian J. Engelsen; Li Li; Yong Ren; Chen Jiang;

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    Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China;

    Foreign Economic Cooperation Office, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100035, People's Republic of China;

    Foreign Economic Cooperation Office, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing, People's Republic of China;

    Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research (SINTEF), Oslo, Norway;

    Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research (SINTEF), Oslo, Norway;

    Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China;

    Foreign Economic Cooperation Office, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing, People's Republic of China;

    Foreign Economic Cooperation Office, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing, People's Republic of China;

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