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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the air & waste management association >Impacts of prescribed fires and benefits from their reduction for air quality, health, and visibility in the Pacific Northwest of the United States
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Impacts of prescribed fires and benefits from their reduction for air quality, health, and visibility in the Pacific Northwest of the United States

机译：在美国西北太平洋，明火的影响及其减少的空气质量，健康和能见度带来的好处

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Using a WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ modeling framework, we investigate the impacts of smoke from prescribed fires on model performance, regional and loc al air quality, health impacts, and visibility in protected natural environments using three different prescribed fire emission scenarios: 100% fire, no fire, and 30% fire. The 30% fire case reflects a 70% reduction in fire activities due to harvesting of logging residues for use as a feedstock for a potential aviation biofuel supply chain. Overall model performance improves for several performance metrics when fire emissions are included, especially for organic carbon, irrespective of the model goals and criteria used. This effect on model performance is more pronounced for the rural and remote IMPROVE sites for organic carbon and total PM2.5. A reduction in prescribed fire emissions (30% fire case) results in significant improvement in air quality in areas in western Oregon, northern Idaho, and western Montana, where most prescribed fires occur. Prescribed burning contributes to visibility impairment, and a relatively large portion of protected class I areas will benefit from a reduced emission scenario. For the haziest 20% days, prescribed burning is an important source of visibility impairment, and approximately 50% of IMPROVE sites in the model domain show a significant improvement in visibility for the reduced fire case. Using BenMAP, a health impact assessment tool, we show that several hundred additional deaths, several thousand upper and lower respiratory symptom cases, several hundred bronchitis cases, and more than 35,000 workday losses can be attributed to prescribed fires, and these health impacts decrease by 25-30% when a 30% fire emission scenario is considered.Implications: This study assesses the potential regional and local air quality, public health, and visibility impacts from prescribed burning activities, as well as benefits that can be achieved by a potential reduction in emissions for a scenario where biomass is harvested for conversion to biofuel. As prescribed burning activities become more frequent, they can be more detrimental for air quality and health. Forest residue-based biofuel industry can be source of cleaner fuel with co-benefits of improved air quality, reduction in health impacts, and improved visibility.
机译：使用WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ建模框架，我们使用三种不同的规定火灾排放场景，研究了指定火灾产生的烟尘对模型性能，区域和本地空气质量，健康影响以及受保护的自然环境中的能见度的影响。 ，不着火和30％着火。 30％的火灾案例反映了由于采伐伐木残渣用作潜在的航空生物燃料供应链的原料而导致的火灾活动减少了70％。包括火灾排放，尤其是有机碳，无论使用哪种模型目标和标准，模型的总体性能都会针对多个性能指标而提高。对于农村地区和偏远地区的有机碳和总PM2.5，IMPROVE站点对模型性能的影响更加明显。在俄勒冈州西部，爱达荷州北部和蒙大拿州西部发生规定火灾最多的地区，减少规定的火灾排放量（发生火灾的可能性为30％）可以显着改善空气质量。规定的燃烧会导致可见度降低，并且相对较大的受保护的I类区域将受益于减少排放的情况。在最朦胧的20％天中，规定的燃烧是可见度损害的重要来源，并且在模型域中，约50％的IMPROVE站点在减少火灾情况下可见度显着提高。使用健康影响评估工具BenMAP，我们可以发现，指定的火灾可导致数百例额外死亡，数千例上下呼吸道症状病例，数百例支气管炎病例以及超过35,000个工作日损失，而这些健康影响将减少如果考虑30％的火灾排放情景，则为25-30％。含义：本研究评估了规定燃烧活动对区域和当地空气质量，公共卫生和能见度的潜在影响，以及通过减少潜在的燃烧所能获得的好处收集生物质转化为生物燃料的情景中的排放量。随着规定的燃烧活动变得越来越频繁，它们可能对空气质量和健康造成更大的损害。基于森林残留物的生物燃料产业可以成为清洁燃料的来源，同时具有改善空气质量，减少健康影响和提高能见度的共同好处。

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    Ravi Vikram; Vaughan Joseph K.; Wolcott Michael P.; Lamb Brian K.;

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    Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, 405 Spokane St,Sloan 101,POB 642910, Pullman, WA 99163 USA;

    Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, 405 Spokane St,Sloan 101,POB 642910, Pullman, WA 99163 USA;

    Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Inst Sustainable Design, Pullman, WA 99163 USA;

    Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99163 USA;

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