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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the air & waste management association >Variations in exposure to in-vehicle particle mass and number concentrations in different road environments
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Variations in exposure to in-vehicle particle mass and number concentrations in different road environments

机译：在不同道路环境中暴露于车载颗粒质量和数量浓度的变化

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摘要

Road environments significantly affect in cabin concentration of particulate matter (PM). This study conducted measurements of in-vehicle and on-road concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, PM1, and particle number (PN) in size of 0.02-1 mu m, under six ventilation settings in different urban road environments (tunnels, surface roads and elevated roads). Linear regression was then used to analyze the contributions of multiple predictor variables (including on-road concentrations, temperature, relative humidity, time of day, and ventilation settings) to measured variations. On-road measurements of PM2.5, PM1, and PN concentrations from the open surface roads were 5.5%, 3.7%, and 16% lower, respectively, than those measured in tunnels, but 7.6%, 7.1% and 24% higher, respectively, than those on elevated roads. The highest on-road PM10 concentration was observed on surface roads. The time series pattern of in-vehicle particle concentrations closely tracked the on-road concentrations outside of the car and exhibited a smoother profile. Irrespective of road environment, the average I/O ratio of particles was found to be the lowest when air conditioning was on with internal recirculation, the highest purification efficiency via ventilation was obtained by switching on external air recirculation and air conditioning. Statistical models showed that on-road concentration, temperature, and ventilation setting are common factors of significance that explained 58%-80%, 64%-97%, and 87%-98% of the variations in in-vehicle PM concentrations on surface roads, on elevated roads, and in tunnels, respectively. Implications: Inside vehicles, both driver and passengers will be exposed to elevated particle concentrations. However, for in-vehicle particles, there has been no comprehensive comparative study of the three-dimensional traffic environment including tunnels surface roads and elevated roads. This study focuses on the analysis of the trends and main influencing factors of particle concentrations in different road environments. The results can provide suggestions for the driver's behavior, and provide data support for the environmental protection department to develop pollutant concentration limits within the vehicle.
机译：道路环境会严重影响客舱内颗粒物（PM）的浓度。这项研究在不同的城市道路环境（隧道，地面）的六种通风设置下，测量了车辆内和道路上的PM10，PM2.5，PM1的浓度以及0.02-1微米的颗粒数（PN）。道路和高架道路）。然后，使用线性回归分析多个预测变量（包括道路上的浓度，温度，相对湿度，一天中的时间和通风设置）对测量变化的贡献。在露天道路上进行的PM2.5，PM1和PN浓度的公路测量分别比在隧道中测量的低5.5％，3.7％和16％，但分别高出7.6％，7.1％和24％，分别高于高架道路上的那些。在地面道路上观察到最高的道路PM10浓度。车载颗粒浓度的时间序列模式密切跟踪汽车外部的道路浓度，并显示出更平滑的轮廓。不论道路环境如何，在通过内部再循环进行空气调节的情况下，发现颗粒的平均I / O比率最低，通过打开外部空气再循环和空气调节获得的通风净化效率最高。统计模型表明，道路上的浓度，温度和通风设置是重要的常见因素，可以解释表面上车载PM浓度变化的58％-80％，64％-97％和87％-98％道路，高架道路和隧道中。含义：在车内，驾驶员和乘客都将暴露于高浓度的颗粒中。然而，对于车内颗粒，尚未对包括隧道地面道路和高架道路在内的三维交通环境进行全面的比较研究。这项研究的重点是分析不同道路环境中颗粒物浓度的趋势和主要影响因素。研究结果可为驾驶员的行为提供建议，并为环境保护部门制定车辆内污染物浓度限值提供数据支持。

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    Qiu Zhaowen; Liu Wenyue; Gao H. Oliver; Li Jianghao;

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    Changan Univ, Sch Automobile, Xian 710064, Shaanxi, Peoples R China;

    Changan Univ, Sch Automobile, Xian 710064, Shaanxi, Peoples R China;

    Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA;

    Changan Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China;

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