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Time-Space Diagram as Controller Support Tool for Closed-Path Continuous-Descent Operations

机译：时空图作为闭合路径连续下降操作的控制器支持工具

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摘要

Tactical control during a closed-path continuous-descent operation is unwanted because it reduces the aircraft's ability to follow the optimized descent profile. To prevent tactical control, air traffic controllers apply arbitrarily large spacing buffers to ensure separation throughout the descent. A controller support tool is required for early deconfliction, spacing, and sequencing to facilitate these operations without the need to apply large buffers. The time-space diagram decision support tool was developed previously to make the constraints and complexity of a continuous-descent operation perceptually evident and provide tools and information to the controller to be an active problem solver. This paper addresses the further development and validation of the interface. The concept of visual momentum was applied to enhance the efficiency of working the multidisplay interface that consists of the plan view display and time-space diagram. Direct-manipulation tools were developed to enable the controller to plan and implement actions, such as speed and altitude control. A controller-in-the-loop-experiment was set up to validate the interface. In the experiment, subjects used either the time-space diagram support tool or, as a baseline, a stack list that provided the required spacing and the time to lose or gain. Both interfaces enabled the subjects to space the aircraft safely and efficiently. Compared to the baseline, the time-space diagram interface freed time to plan traffic ahead using the direct-manipulation interfaces, which (according to all subjects) worked intuitively. The number of instructions per aircraft was decreased by 35%. Early accurate speed control was applied, and use of heading vectors was no longer necessary in most scenarios. As a result, aircraft commenced their continuous descent at a higher altitude and greater distance from the runway. Controller workload was significantly reduced, and situation awareness was increased.
机译：在闭路连续下降操作期间的战术控制是不希望的，因为这会降低飞机遵循最佳下降轮廓的能力。为了防止战术控制，空中交通管制员使用任意大的间隔缓冲器以确保整个下降过程中的间隔。需要使用控制器支持工具来进行早期冲突，间隔和排序，以方便进行这些操作，而无需应用较大的缓冲区。以前开发了时空图决策支持工具，以使连续下降操作的约束和复杂性在视觉上显而易见，并向控制器提供工具和信息以使其成为积极的问题解决者。本文介绍了接口的进一步开发和验证。视觉动量的概念被应用来增强工作效率的多显示界面，该界面包括平面视图显示和时空图。开发了直接操纵工具，以使控制器能够计划和实施动作，例如速度和高度控制。设置了控制器在环实验以验证接口。在实验中，受试者要么使用时空图支持工具，要么使用堆栈列表作为基线，以提供所需的间隔以及丢失或获得的时间。这两个界面使对象能够安全有效地进行飞机间隔。与基线相比，时空图界面使用直接操作界面（根据所有主题）直观地工作，从而腾出时间来提前计划交通。每架飞机的指令数量减少了35％。应用了早期的精确速度控制，并且在大多数情况下不再需要使用航向矢量。结果，飞机开始在更高的高度和距跑道更大的距离处连续下降。控制器工作量大大减少，态势感知得到增强。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Aircraft》 |2013年第5期|1394-1408|共15页
  • 作者

    A. M. P. de Leege; M. M. van Paassen; A. C. int Veld; M. Mulder;

  • 作者单位

    Aviation Consultant, P.O. Box 85818 To70 B.V., 2508 CM The Hague, The Netherlands;

    Associate Professor, Control and Simulation Division, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Kluyverweg 1 Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands;

    Research Pilot, Control and Simulation Division, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Kluyverweg 1 Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands;

    Professor, Control and Simulation Division, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Kluyverweg 1 Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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