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Military Aviation and the Environment: Historical Trends and Comparison to Civil Aviation

机译：军事航空与环境：历史趋势与民用航空的比较

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摘要

Trends in the environmental impact of military aviation between 1960 and 2000 are articulated. The focus is on community noise, local air quality, and global climate impacts and the discussion is restricted to fixed-wing aircraft. Comparisons are made to trends within the commercial air transport industry. The unique features of military aircraft technology and operations responsible for the differences in environmental impacts are described. The discussion also considers the effects of environmental restrictions on the deployment and combat readiness of military aviation services. Regulations designed to mitigate environmental impacts from military and civil aviation are also reviewed. The analysis shows that military aviation has been responsible for a small and decreasing fraction of total fossil fuel use in the United States. Furthermore, when averaged nationally, contributions to local air-quality impacts and community noise have decreased over the period considered. These trends are a result of historical reductions in fleet sizes and number of operations. However, because base closures were largely responsible for these reductions, the impacts at any given installation may not reflect overall trends. Community noise and air quality are expected to be a growing concern for military aviation due to increasing urbanization, increasing public and regulatory attention, and use of training spaces for larger, multiservice operations involving longer range, higher speed weapon systems.
机译：阐明了1960年至2000年之间军用航空对环境的影响趋势。重点是社区噪音，当地空气质量和全球气候影响，讨论仅限于固定翼飞机。对商业航空运输行业内的趋势进行了比较。描述了造成环境影响差异的军用飞机技术和运营的独特特征。讨论还考虑了环境限制对军事航空服务的部署和战斗准备的影响。还审查了旨在减轻军事和民航对环境的影响的法规。分析表明，在美国，军用航空只占化石燃料总使用量的一小部分，并在不断减少。此外，在全国范围内，对当地空气质量影响和社区噪音的贡献在所考虑的时期内有所下降。这些趋势是机队规模和运营数量历来减少的结果。但是，由于基本的关闭是造成这些减少的主要原因，因此任何给定安装的影响都可能无法反映总体趋势。由于城市化程度的提高，公众和监管机构的关注以及培训空间用于涉及更大范围，更高速度武器系统的大型多用途作战的使用，社区噪声和空气质量预计将越来越受到军用航空的关注。

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