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Scaling Evaluations on the Drag of a Hub System

机译：集线器系统阻力的缩放评估

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摘要

Parasite drag on rotorcraft can become a crucial factor in forward flight, especially during high-speed flight. Prior evaluations of the ability of computational methods to predict hub drag have focused on the ability of these solvers to match model-scale experimental data, but the results have not typically been examined for full-scale conditions. Using an unstructured computational method, the sources of hub drag on a moderately complex model are examined at different Reynolds number scales. Correlations with a 1/3.5-scale wind tunnel test and empirical data are provided to confirm the accuracy of the computations. Unlike prior efforts, grid adaptation that crosses overset mesh boundaries permits grid refinement where needed while minimizing the computational cost. For the moderately complex hub evaluated, utilization of the same grid is permissible, provided the boundary layer grid is tailored for the highest Reynolds number studied and that grid adaptation is applied. Drag evaluation illustrates that the drag of each component should be estimated at the component-level Reynolds number before consideration of the interference effects. Estimation of the interference drag for rotating hubs should additionally account for the Magnus effect, which influences the nonlinearities observed in scaling the drag and the wake.
机译：旋翼航空器上的寄生阻力可能成为向前飞行的关键因素，尤其是在高速飞行期间。先前对计算方法预测轮毂阻力的能力的评估已集中在这些求解器匹配模型规模实验数据的能力上，但通常未在全尺度条件下检查结果。使用非结构化计算方法，以不同的雷诺数尺度检查了中等复杂模型上的轮毂阻力来源。提供了与1 / 3.5规模风洞测试和经验数据的相关性，以确认计算的准确性。与以前的努力不同，跨越自适应网格边界的网格自适应可以在需要时对网格进行细化，同时将计算成本降至最低。对于评估的中度复杂的枢纽，允许使用相同的网格，前提是边界层网格针对研究的最高雷诺数量身定制，并且应用了网格自适应。阻力评估表明，在考虑干扰影响之前，应在组件级雷诺数下估算每个组件的阻力。旋转轮毂的干扰阻力的估算还应考虑马格努斯效应，该效应会影响按比例缩放阻力和尾流时观察到的非线性。

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