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The Nature of Vortex Ring State

机译:涡环状态的性质

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摘要

At low forward speed, when a helicopter's descent rate approaches the downward speed of its wake, the blade tip vortices organize in recirculating patterns beneath the rotor. A stable, ring-like wake structure emerges. Vortex ring state (VRS) is detected when the toroidal wake formation enters a buildup phase where organized vorticity accumulates more rapidly than it dissipates. The highly organized VRS wake dominates the descending rotor's inflow field, reducing blade angle of attack and creating thrust loss. The main event, observed in piloted rotorcraft during VRS, occurs when the ring makes a single transition through the rotor plane from below. Steady speed wind tunnel tests do not appropriately simulate VRS because thrust loss does not lead to higher descent rates in a wind tunnel. A vortex ring can only propel itself in a single direction. Thus, prior to transition, a curved flight trajectory, or maneuver, will tend to preclude or suppress VRS.
机译:在低速前进时,当直升机的下降速度接近其尾流的下降速度时,叶尖旋涡会以旋翼的形式组织在旋翼下方。出现了稳定的环状尾流结构。当环形尾流形成进入集结阶段时,涡旋环状态(VRS)被检测到,在该阶段,有组织的涡旋积累比扩散快。高度组织化的VRS尾流在下降的转子的流入场中占主导地位,从而减小了叶片的攻角并产生了推力损失。在VRS期间,在旋翼飞行器中观察到的主要事件是当环从下方穿过旋翼平面进行一次过渡时发生的。稳速风洞测试不能适当地模拟VRS,因为推力损失不会导致风洞中的下降率更高。涡流环只能在一个方向上推动自身。因此,在过渡之前,弯曲的飞行轨迹或操纵趋向于阻止或抑制VRS。

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