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A Review of Rotor Wake Physics and Modeling

机译：转子尾流物理与建模研究述评

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摘要

This paper presents an overview of developments in rotorcraft wake modeling, particularly in the past decade, from the experimental, theoretical, and computational viewpoints. Current understanding of wake physics and limitations in wake modeling are summarized and juxtaposed with trends experimental and numerical research. Advances in flow imaging and velocimetry have provided evidence that supports simplified models of rotor wake behavior. Persistence of tip vortices to long ages, deterministic rollup phenomena leading to the transition to the far wake, and entrainment of a part of the nascent tip vortex (TV) vorticity into the counterrotating inboard wake have been shown through experiments. Advances in computational fluid dynamics have improved near- and mid-wake modeling capabilities. Hybrid methods that employ vortex element, vorticity transport, or vorticity confinement methods will be necessary for long-age (far-wake) modeling in the near future. A new hover experiment with high-accuracy measurements that tie the blade loading, rotor performance, and wake characteristics is one suggestion to facilitate numerical model correlation and development.
机译：本文从实验，理论和计算的角度介绍了旋翼机尾流建模的发展概况，特别是在过去十年中。总结了当前对尾流物理学的理解和尾流建模的局限性，并与趋势实验和数值研究并列。流成像和测速技术的进步提供了支持简化的转子尾流行为模型的证据。实验表明，尖端涡流持续存在很长一段时间，确定性的累积现象导致向远流尾过渡，并且将新生的尖端涡流（TV）涡旋带入反向旋转的内侧尾流。计算流体动力学方面的进展改善了近尾和中尾建模能力。在不久的将来，采用长距离（清醒）建模需要采用涡旋元素，涡旋传输或涡旋限制方法的混合方法。一项新的具有高精度测量的悬停实验将叶片负载，转子性能和尾流特性联系在一起，是促进数值模型相关性和发展的一项建议。

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