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A Rational Approach to Comparing the Performance of Coaxial and Conventional Rotors

机译：同轴和常规转子性能比较的合理方法

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摘要

The merit, in terms of its efficiency and performance, of the twin, contrarotating coaxial rotor configuration over the more conventional single rotor system has long been a point of contention. Previously published comparisons yield seemingly inconsistent and conflicting conclusions. In this paper, the basis for a fair, like-for-like comparison of the performance of coaxial and single rotor systems is discussed. A comparison between experimentally measured data and numerical predictions of rotor performance obtained using the vorticity transport model shows that a computational approach can be used reliably to decompose the power consumption into induced and profile constituents. These comparisons show that a somewhat stronger similarity in geometry needs to be enforced between the two types of rotor system than previously suggested in order that the systems be directly comparable. If the equivalent single rotor system is constructed to have the same disk area, blade geometry, and total number of blades as that of the coaxial rotor, then the geometric differences between the two systems are confined to the defining characteristics of the two types of rotor system, in other words to the vertical separation between the rotor blades and their relative direction of rotation. The differences in aerodynamic performance between a coaxial rotor and an equivalent single rotor defined in this way then arise solely as a result of the differences in the detailed interaction between the blades and their wakes that arise within the two types of system. Using this form of comparison, the articulated coaxial system is shown to consume marginally less induced power than the equivalent single rotor system. The difference is small enough, however, to be obscured if the profile drag of the blades is overtly sensitive to operating condition, as for instance might be the case at low Reynolds number.
机译：就其效率和性能而言，与传统的单转子系统相比，双反向旋转同轴转子结构的优点一直是争论的焦点。以前发表的比较得出的结论似乎不一致且矛盾。在本文中，讨论了对同轴转子系统和单转子系统性能进行公平，相似比较的基础。实验测量数据与使用涡度传输模型获得的转子性能数值预测之间的比较表明，可以可靠地使用计算方法将功耗分解为感应分量和轮廓分量。这些比较表明，两种转子系统之间在几何形状上的相似性需要比以前建议的强一些，以便系统可以直接比较。如果将等效的单转子系统构造为与同轴转子具有相同的磁盘面积，叶片几何形状和叶片总数，则两个系统之间的几何差异将限于两种转子的定义特性换而言之，转子叶片之间的垂直距离及其相对旋转方向。那么，以这种方式限定的同轴转子和等效的单个转子之间的空气动力性能的差异仅是由于两种类型的系统中叶片及其尾流之间详细相互作用的差异而引起的。使用这种比较形式，铰接式同轴系统显示出比等效单转子系统略微少的感应功率。然而，如果叶片的轮廓阻力对操作条件过于敏感，则该差异足够小，以至于难以掩盖，例如在低雷诺数的情况下。

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