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Second-order reasoning in description logics

机译:描述逻辑中的二阶推理

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摘要

Description logics refer to a family of formalisms concentrated around concepts, roles and individuals. They belong to the most frequently used knowledge representation formalisms and provide a logical basis to a variety of well known paradigms. The main reasoning tasks considered in the area of description logics are those reducible to subsumption. On the other hand, any knowledge representation system should be equipped with a more advanced reasoning machinery. Therefore in the current paper we make a step towards integrating description logics with second-order reasoning. One of the important motivations behind introducing second-order formalism follows from the fact that many forms of commonsense and nonmonotonic reasoning used in AI can be modelled within the second-order logic. To achieve our goal we first extend description logics with a possibility to quantify over concepts. Since one of the main criticisms against the use of second-order formalisms is their complexity, we next propose second-order quantifier elimination techniques applicable to a large class of description logic formulas. Finally we show applications of the techniques, in particular in reasoning with circumscribed concepts and approximated terminological formulas.
机译:描述逻辑是指围绕概念,角色和个人的一系列形式主义。它们属于最常用的知识表示形式主义,并为各种众所周知的范例提供了逻辑基础。描述逻辑领域中考虑的主要推理任务是可归结为归纳的那些推理任务。另一方面,任何知识表示系统都应配备更先进的推理机制。因此,在本文中,我们迈出了将描述逻辑与二阶推理相结合的一步。引入二阶形式主义背后的重要动机之一是由于可以在二阶逻辑中对AI中使用的多种形式的常识和非单调推理进行建模。为了实现我们的目标,我们首先扩展了描述逻辑,并有可能对概念进行量化。由于对使用二阶形式主义的主要批评之一是它们的复杂性,因此我们接下来提出适用于一大类描述逻辑公式的二阶量词消除技术。最后,我们展示了该技术的应用,特别是在使用外接概念和近似术语公式进行推理时。

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