The Relationships Among Design Experiments, Invariant Measurement Scales, and Domain Theories

C. Victor Bunderson; Van A. Newby

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The Relationships Among Design Experiments, Invariant Measurement Scales, and Domain Theories

机译：设计实验，不变度量尺度和领域理论之间的关系

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In this paper we discuss principled design experiments, a rigorous, experimentally-oriented form of design-based research. We show the dependence of design experiments on invariant measurement scales. We discuss four kinds of invariance culminating in interpretive invariance, and how this in turn depends on increasingly adequate theories of a domain. These theories give an account of the dimensions and ordered attainments on a set of dimensions that span a domain appropriately. This account may be called a domain theory or learning theory of progressive attainments (in a local domain). We show the direct, and the broader benefits of developing and using these descriptive theories of a domain to guide prescriptive design approaches to research.rnIn process of giving an account of this set of interdependencies, we will discuss aspects of the design method we are using, called Validity-Centered Design. This design framework guides the development of instruments based on domain theories, the development of learning opportunities; also based on domain theories, and the construction of a sound validity argument for systems that integrate learning with assessment.

机译：在本文中，我们讨论了有原则的设计实验，这是一种严格的，以实验为导向的基于设计的研究形式。我们展示了设计实验对不变测量规模的依赖性。我们讨论了最终导致解释性不变性的四种不变性，以及这又如何取决于领域的日益充分的理论。这些理论说明了维度以及在适当范围内跨越一系列维度的有序成就。这种说法可以称为领域理论或渐进成就的学习理论（在本地领域）。我们将展示开发和使用这些领域的描述性理论来指导研究性描述性设计方法的直接和更广泛的好处。在说明这一系列相互依赖的过程中，我们将讨论所使用的设计方法的各个方面，称为以有效性为中心的设计。该设计框架指导基于领域理论的工具的发展，学习机会的发展；也基于领域理论，并为将学习与评估相结合的系统构建合理的论证。

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《Journal of applied measurement》 |2009年第2期|117-137|共21页
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C. Victor Bunderson; Van A. Newby;
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Brigham Young University and The EduMetrics Institute;

Brigham Young University and The EduMetrics Institute;

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7. Decision-making is the process of analyzing information about a problem situation and comparing it to a specific conclusion in order to solve a specific problematic (Yıkılmaz, 2001; Miller and Byrnes, 2001). Decision-making styles are a mechanism that is influenced by the internal and external conditions that determine the direction of the decisions of the individual, the content of the decision-making process, and the outcome of the decision-making process (Payne, Bettman and Johson, 1993; Bavol’ár and Orosová, 2015). ACT is a contemporary member of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy family. ACT (Acceptance and commitment therapy) has both similar and different directions with Behavioral Therapies and Cognitive Therapies (Herbet and Forman, 2011; Hayes, 2004). KKT responds to classical behavioral treatments using both existential and cognitive approaches in the analysis of behavior. KKT is a science wing that tries to solve human problems with a wider perspective aimed at solving problematic human behaviors (Plumb, Stewart, Dahl and Lundgren, 2009). It is seen that there is very little research about the new approach of ACT approach when the aiming country of our country is screened and it is thought that our country will contribute to the field of psychological counseling with the work done. In the scope of the research, experimental and control groups and preliminary test, post-test and follow-up measurements of 2x3 experimental design were used. The study's study group consists of a total of 24 (12 experimental and 12 control groups) university students studying in different departments and levels, continuing their education in the academic year of 2015-2016 in Ağrı province and İbrahim Chechen University in 2015-2016 academic year. The average age of participants in the experiment and control group is 20. There were 12 participants in the experimental group, 7 female and 5 male, and 12 participants, 7 female and 5 male in the control group. Personal Information Form and Decision Making Style Scale prepared by the researcher were used in the research. In order to decide on the tests to be used in the course of analyzing the data, the scores of the participant's Decision Styles Scale pre-test, which are placed primarily in the experimental and control groups, it was analyzed whether the basic expectations of parametric tests were answered. As a result of the analysis made, the scores, skewness and kurtosis coefficients obtained from the Decision Making Styles Scale were given to the experimental and control groups. It was determined that the distribution was normal in the result of Shapiro-Wilk test, in which the skewness and kurtosis coefficients of each sub-scale were ranked between -1 and +1. Participants in the experimental and control groups; homogeneity test results for decision-style pre-test measurements indicate that the data are homogeneous. According to the results of the Mauchly Globalness Test, it has been determined that working supports the hypothesis. It was determined that there was no significant difference between the pre-test scores obtained from dependent decision-making style of experiment and control groups, but the test group showed lower mean scores at the significant level within the scores of post-test and follow-up tests. Therefore, it can be said that the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group reduces the dependent decision-making style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions and the psychoeducation program has a lasting effect. It was determined that there was no significant difference between pre-test, post-test and follow-up scores obtained from the Spontaneous-Instant Decision Style of experiment and control groups. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not cause a significant difference in the Spontaneous-Decision-Making Style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The ACT -oriented psychoeducation program had a decline in the intuitive decision-making styles of the individuals, but this decrease did not create significant differences. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not make a meaningful difference in the intuitive decision style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the KKT oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The pre-test scores obtained from the rational decision-making style of the experimental and control groups showed that there was a difference between the post-test and the follow-up scores, but this difference was not significant. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the test group had higher levels of rational decision style than the pre - test scores in the post test and follow - up scores, whereas the post test and follow - up test scores in the control group rational decision style showed a decrease compared to the pre - test scores. the pre - test scores. Decision-making Styles Scale Avoidant Decision Making As a result of the analysis of the mean scores of the subscale scores of pre-test, post-test and follow-up measures, the group effect was found to be insignificant. It was determined that the experimental and control groups differed significantly from the pre-test scores obtained from the avoidant decision-making style but did not show any significant change within the scores of the post-test and follow-up tests. [O] . mustafa ercengiz, ali haydar şar 2018

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8. Laser wakefield excitation and measurement on a femtosecond time scale: Theory and experiment. Progress report, September 1, 1994--August 31, 1995 [R] . Tajima, T., Downer, M. 1995

机译：激光尾场激发和飞秒时间尺度测量：理论和实验。进展报告，1994年9月1日 - 1995年8月31日

The Relationships Among Design Experiments, Invariant Measurement Scales, and Domain Theories

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