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Mechanical reading of ferroelectric polarization

机译:铁电偏振的机械读数

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摘要

Flexoelectricity is a property of dielectric materials whereby they exhibit electric polarization induced by strain gradients; while this effect can be negligible at the macroscale,it can become dominant at the nanoscale,where strain gradients can turn out to be tremendous. Previous works have demonstrated that flexoelectricity coupled with piezoelectricity enables the mechanical writing of ferroelectric polarization. When considering ferroelectric materials with out-of-plane polarization,the coupling of piezoelectricity with flexoelectricity can insert a mechanical asymmetry to the system and enable the distinction of oppositely polarized domains,based on their nanomechanical response. Using atomic force microscopy and,more specifically,contact resonance techniques,the coupling of flexoelectricity to piezoelectricity can be exploited to mechanically read the sign of ferroelectric polarization in a non-destructive way. We have measured a variety of ferroelectric materials,from a single crystal to thin films,and domains that are polarized down always appear to be stiffer than oppositely polarized domains. In this article,we demonstrate experimentally that the phenomenon is size-dependent and strongly enhanced when the dimension of the material is reduced to nanoscale in thin films. Ultimately,we demonstrate how the sensitivity in mechanical reading of ferroelectric polarization can be improved by appropriately tuning the mechanical stiffness of the cantilevers.
机译:柔性电性是介电材料的特性,它们表现出由应变梯度诱导的电极化;虽然在宏观上可以忽略这种效果,但它可以在纳米级占主导地位,其中应变梯度可能会产生巨大的。以前的作用表明,与压电耦合的柔性电性能够实现铁电偏振的机械写入。当考虑具有平面外偏振的铁电材料时,压电性与柔性电性的耦合可以基于其纳米机械响应将机械不对称插入系统并使相反偏振域的区别。使用原子力显微镜和更具体地,接触谐振技术,可以利用柔性电性与压电的耦合以以非破坏性方式机械读取铁电偏振的标志。我们已经测量了各种铁电材料,从单个晶体到薄膜,并且偏振的畴总是看起来比相反偏振结构域更硬。在本文中,我们通过实验证明了这种现象是尺寸依赖性的,并且当材料的尺寸减少到薄膜中的纳米级时强烈地增强。最终,我们通过适当地调整悬臂的机械刚度来提高如何改善铁电偏振的机械读取的敏感性。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Applied Physics》 |2021年第7期|074103.1-074103.8|共8页
  • 作者单位

    Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) CSIC and BIST Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain;

    Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB) University of Barcelona 08028 Barcelona Spain;

    Department of Quantum Matter Physics University of Geneva 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland;

    Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA;

    Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) CSIC and BIST Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain ICREA-Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies Passeig Lluies Companys Barcelona Spain;

    Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) CSIC and BIST Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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