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Poverty and inequality in European regions

机译：欧洲地区的贫困与不平等

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The European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) is the main source of information about poverty and economic inequality in the member states of the European Union. The sample sizes of its annual national surveys are sufficient for reliable estimation at the national level but not for inferences at the sub-national level, failing to respond to a rising demand from policy-makers and local authorities. We provide a comprehensive map of median income, inequality (Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve) and poverty (poverty rates) based on the equivalised household income in the countries in which the EU-SILC is conducted. We study the distribution of income of households (pro-rated to its members), not merely its median (or mean), because we regard its dispersion and frequency of lower extremes (relative poverty) as important characteristics. The estimation for the regions with small sample sizes is improved by the small-area methods. The uncertainty of complex nonlinear statistics is assessed by bootstrap. Household-level sampling weights are taken into account in both the estimates and the associated bootstrap standard errors.
机译：欧洲联盟收入和生活条件统计数据（EU-SILC）是有关欧盟成员国贫困和经济不平等的主要信息来源。其年度全国调查的样本量足以在国家一级进行可靠的估计，但不足以在地方以下一级进行推断，无法满足决策者和地方当局不断增长的需求。我们根据进行EU-SILC的国家的家庭平均收入，提供了收入中位数，不平等（基尼系数和洛伦兹曲线）和贫困（贫困率）的综合图。我们研究家庭收入分配（按比例分配给其成员），而不仅仅是中位数（或均值），因为我们认为家庭的分散性和较低极端（相对贫困）的频率是重要特征。通过小面积方法可以改善对样本量较小的区域的估计。复杂非线性统计的不确定性通过自举进行评估。估算和相关的自举标准误差均考虑了家庭水平的抽样权重。

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