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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Archaeological Research >The Emergence of Social Complexity in the Chibchan World of Southern Central America and Northern Colombia, AD 300–600
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The Emergence of Social Complexity in the Chibchan World of Southern Central America and Northern Colombia, AD 300–600

机译：公元300–600年，中南美洲和哥伦比亚北部的奇布昌世界中社会复杂性的出现

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摘要

The societies of southern Central America and northern South America, a region historically occupied by Chibchan-speaking peoples, have long been acknowledged as valuable sources of information on chiefdoms and other forms of prestate social organization. Most studies, however, have focused on chiefdoms that are known ethnographically or ethnohistorically with an emphasis on the sixteenth century and the immediate precontact period. This paper reviews archaeological evidence from an earlier period in an attempt to elucidate general patterns associated with the earliest appearance of social inequality. The centuries between AD 300 and 600 are characterized by the first widespread use of prestige goods manufactured from gold and jade, special cemeteries for the interment of elites, and a rich iconography. Detailed consideration of recent research relevant to the events of this period highlights some of the problems inherent in the archaeological identification of hierarchy, chiefdoms, leadership, and other features of prestate complex societies.
机译：长期以来，人们一直认为，中美洲南部和南美洲北部的这个社会一直是说起希伯昌语的人居住的地区，是有关酋长国和其他形式的州前社会组织的宝贵信息资源。但是，大多数研究都集中在人种学或民族史上众所周知的酋长国，着重于16世纪和预交期。本文回顾了早期的考古学证据，试图阐明与社会不平等现象最早出现有关的一般模式。公元300年至600年之间的几个世纪的特点是，首次广泛使用由黄金和玉石制成的名贵商品，专门用来掩饰精英的墓地和丰富的肖像画。有关这一时期事件的最新研究的详细考虑，突显了考古学对等级制，首领，领导力以及州复杂社会其他特征的考古识别所固有的一些问题。

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