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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of arid environments >Do Landscape Heterogeneity And Water Distribution Explain Aspects Of Elephant Home Range In Southern Africa's Arid Savannas?
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Do Landscape Heterogeneity And Water Distribution Explain Aspects Of Elephant Home Range In Southern Africa's Arid Savannas?

机译：景观异质性和水分布是否解释了南部非洲干旱稀树草原上大象居所的各个方面？

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摘要

Elephants live in heterogeneous landscapes where their search for resources may increase individual survival. The uneven distribution of such resources may be linked to landscape heterogeneity. We therefore hypothesized that landscape heterogeneity determines elephant home range location and size in Etosha National Park, Khaudum Game Reserve and Ngamiland District 11. We used landscape maps to quantify landscape heterogeneity based on five metrics calculated using FRAGSTATS and compared these for elephant and randomly located ranges within the study areas. We further related elephant range size to the landscape metrics and water point density. The elephants located their home ranges in areas with relatively high Patch density, Landscape shape index and Shannon diversity index, and relatively low Largest patch index and Contagion. Elephants therefore seem to locate their home ranges in areas of the landscape where higher levels of heterogeneity occur during wet and dry seasons. Home range size decreased with increasing water point density and heterogeneity and water distribution influence elephant space utilisation. Management of elephants should therefore be directed at ensuring the inclusion of heterogeneous landscapes in conservation areas and at reconsidering water management policies that may influence home range sizes and landscape selection.
机译：大象生活在异质景观中，他们在其中寻找资源可能会增加个体的生存能力。这种资源分布不均可能与景观异质性有关。因此，我们假设景观异质性决定了埃托沙国家公园，Khaudum Game Reserve和Ngamiland District 11中大象居所的位置和大小。我们使用景观图基于使用FRAGSTATS计算的五个指标对景观异质性进行了量化，并对大象和随机分布的范围进行了比较在研究区域内。我们进一步将大象的范围大小与景观指标和水位密度相关联。大象将其家园安置在斑块密度相对较高，景观形状指数和香农多样性指数相对较高，最大斑块指数和传染性相对较低的地区。因此，大象似乎将其家园分布在景观区域，在潮湿和干燥的季节内异质性水平较高。随着水位密度的增加，家庭范围的大小减小，异质性和水分布影响大象的空间利用。因此，大象的管理应着眼于确保在保护区中纳入异质景观，并重新考虑可能影响家庭规模和景观选择的水管理政策。

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