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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists >How Did Air Quality Standards Affect Employment at US Power Plants? The Importance of Timing, Geography, and Stringency
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How Did Air Quality Standards Affect Employment at US Power Plants? The Importance of Timing, Geography, and Stringency

机译：空气质量标准如何影响美国发电厂的就业？时间，地理和严格性的重要性

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摘要

We examine fossil-fuel power plant employment impacts of new nitrogen oxides (NOx) provisions under Title I of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAAs). These provisions required installation of reasonably available control technology (RACT) for NOx emissions for major stationary sources in the Ozone Transport Region and in more stringently classified ozone nonattainment areas. Standard approaches using nonattainment designation to identify regulatory impacts abstract from important implementation aspects such as when regulatory changes occur, where regulations are in effect, and which specific regulations apply. Omitting these factors can introduce bias by contaminating the control group, leading to underestimation of historical employment impacts and overestimation of projected impacts from tightening regulations. Our results indicate that the new NOx RACT requirements negatively impacted power plant employment. We find no significant impacts on generation, suggesting that installation of pollution controls may have contributed to labor-saving technical change at affected units.
机译：我们根据1990年《清洁空气法》修正案（CAAAs）的标题I审查了新的氮氧化物（NOx）条款对化石燃料发电厂的就业影响。这些规定要求在臭氧运输区和更严格分类的臭氧未达标地区安装主要静止源NOx排放的合理可用的控制技术（RACT）。使用不合格名称来识别法规影响的标准方法，是从重要的实施方面中抽象出来的，例如法规发生的时间，法规的生效位置以及适用的特定法规。忽略这些因素会导致污染对照组，从而导致偏见，从而导致对历史就业影响的低估，以及由于收紧法规而导致的预计影响的高估。我们的结果表明，新的NOx RACT要求对发电厂的就业产生了负面影响。我们没有发现对发电量有重大影响，这表明安装污染控制措施可能有助于在受影响的单位节省劳动力。

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