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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists >Measuring Heterogeneous Effects of Environmental Policies Using Panel Data
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Measuring Heterogeneous Effects of Environmental Policies Using Panel Data

机译：使用面板数据测量环境政策的异构效果

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摘要

To measure the effects of environmental policies, researchers often combine panel data with two-way fixed effects models. This approach implicitly assumes that the distribution of the policy effect is constant across units and over time. Yet many environmental policies have effects that differ depending on the unit exposed to the policy and the period in which the policy is applied. In this setting we detail why the model parameters generally do not capture a useful measure of the effects. We then show that in a multiperiod setting, if the policy is applied in only one period, then the model parameters do capture a useful measure of the effects. In these settings, appropriate inference is based on cluster-robust standard errors. Because the resultant t-statistic may yield unreliable inference when clusters are heterogeneous, we present an appropriate measure of cluster heterogeneity and describe how the measure should be used to guide inference.
机译：为了衡量环境政策的影响，研究人员通常将面板数据与双向固定效果组合。这种方法隐含地假设策略效果的分布在单位和随着时间的推移方面是恒定的。然而，许多环境政策具有差异，这取决于暴露于政策的单位以及施工的期限。在此设置中，我们详细介绍了为什么模型参数通常不会捕获效果的有用度量。然后，我们在多级设置中显示，如果策略仅在一个时段应用，则模型参数确实捕获了效果的有用度量。在这些设置中，适当的推断基于集群强大的标准错误。因为所得的T型统计可以产生不可靠的推断，当簇是异质时，我们呈现了群集异质性的适当衡量标准，并描述了如何使用措施来引导推断。

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