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The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Firm and Country Competitiveness: A Meta-analysis of the Porter Hypothesis

机译:环境法规对企业和国家竞争力的影响:对波特假说的荟萃分析

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摘要

Since the early 1990s, the validity of the Porter hypothesis has been the focus of intense research to establish whether well-designed environmental regulation may enhance—rather than reduce—competitiveness. However, little consensus exists on the extent to which environmental regulation might generate profitability enhancing innovation offsets. This paper reports on a meta-analysis of 103 publications that estimate the relationship between environmental regulation and firm- or country-level productivity or competitiveness. We find considerable heterogeneity in both the sign and significance level of over 2,000 estimated “effect sizes” in these studies. A positive effect of environmental regulation is more likely at the state, region, or country level, compared to facility, firm, or industry level—although in both cases the most likely scenario is statistical insignificance. These findings are consistent with the strong version of the Porter hypothesis whereby strict but flexible environmental regulations induce innovation and over time increase country-level competitiveness.
机译:自1990年代初以来,波特假说的有效性一直是进行深入研究的重点,旨在确定设计周密的环境法规是否可以提高(而不是降低)竞争能力。但是,关于环境法规在多大程度上可以产生获利能力来提高创新补偿的共识很少。本文报告了对103篇出版物的荟萃分析,这些出版物估计了环境法规与企业或国家层面的生产力或竞争力之间的关系。在这些研究中,我们在超过2,000个估计的“效应量”的符号和显着性水平上发现了很大的异质性。与设施,公司或行业相比,在州,地区或国家一级,环境监管的积极作用更有可能发生,尽管在两种情况下,最有可能的情况是统计意义不大。这些发现与波特假说的强版本一致,在波特假说中,严格而灵活的环境法规可引发创新,并随着时间的推移提高国家一级的竞争力。

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