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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists >Gray Matters: Fetal Pollution Exposure and Human Capital Formation
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Gray Matters: Fetal Pollution Exposure and Human Capital Formation

机译：灰色问题：胎儿污染暴露与人力资本形成

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This paper examines the impact of fetal exposure to air pollution on fourth-grade test scores in Santiago, Chile. We rely on comparisons across siblings which address concerns about locational sorting (for nonmovers) and all other time-invariant family characteristics that can lead to endogenous exposure to poor environmental quality. We also exploit data on air quality alerts to help address concerns related to short-run time-varying avoidance behavior, which has been shown to be important in a number of other contexts. We find a strong negative effect from fetal exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) and correlated pollutants (like PM10) on math and language skills measured in fourth grade. These effects are economically significant, and our back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that the 50% reduction in CO in Santiago between 1990 and 2005 increased lifetime earnings by approximately US$100 million per birth cohort.
机译：本文研究了智利圣地亚哥的胎儿暴露于空气污染对四年级测试成绩的影响。我们依靠兄弟姐妹之间的比较来解决对位置排序（针对非移动者）和所有其他时不变的家庭特征的担忧，这些特征可能导致内生暴露于不良的环境质量。我们还利用空气质量警报数据来帮助解决与短期时变规避行为有关的问题，这在许多其他情况下也很重要。我们发现胎儿暴露于一氧化碳（CO）和相关污染物（例如PM10）对四年级测验的数学和语言能力有强烈的负面影响。这些影响在经济上具有重大意义，我们的粗略估算表明，1990年至2005年之间，圣地亚哥的CO减少了50％，每个出生队列的终身收入增加了大约1亿美元。

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