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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists >Traffic Congestion, Ambient Air Pollution, and Health: Evidence from Driving Restrictions in Beijing
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Traffic Congestion, Ambient Air Pollution, and Health: Evidence from Driving Restrictions in Beijing

机译：交通拥堵，环境空气污染与健康：北京驾驶限制的证据

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摘要

Vehicles have recently overtaken coal to become the largest source of air pollution in urban China. Research on mobile sources of pollution has foundered due both to inaccessibility of Chinese data on health outcomes and strong identifying assumptions. To address these, we collect daily ambulance call data from the Beijing Emergency Medical Center and combine them with an idiosyncratic feature of a driving restriction policy in Beijing that references the last digit of vehicles' license plate numbers. Because the number 4 is considered unlucky by many in China, it tends to be avoided on license plates. As a result, days on which the policy restricts license plates ending in 4 unintentionally allow more vehicles in Beijing. Leveraging this variation, we find that traffic congestion is indeed 22% higher on days banning 4 and that 24-hour average concentration of NO_2 is 12% higher. Correspondingly, these short-term increases in pollution increase ambulance calls by 12% and 3% for fever and heart-related symptoms, while no effects are found for injuries. These findings suggest that traffic congestion has substantial health externalities in China but that they are also responsive to policy.
机译：最近，汽车已超过煤炭，成为中国城市最大的空气污染源。由于无法获得有关健康结果的中国数据以及强有力的确定性假设，因此关于流动污染源的研究工作变得乏味。为了解决这些问题，我们每天从北京急诊医疗中心收集救护车呼叫数据，并将其与北京的驾驶限制政策的特有特征相结合，该特征引用了车牌号的最后一位。由于在中国许多人认为4号是倒霉的，因此在车牌上倾向于避免使用。结果，该政策限制车牌的天数以4结尾，无意中允许北京有更多的车辆。利用这种变化，我们发现在禁止行驶的第4天，交通拥堵确实高出22％，而NO_2的24小时平均浓度高出12％。相应地，这些污染的短期增加使发烧和与心脏有关的症状的救护车呼叫增加了12％和3％，而对伤害没有发现影响。这些发现表明，交通拥堵在中国具有重大的卫生外部性，但它们也对政策做出了反应。

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