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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists >Do Nonprofits Encourage Environmental Compliance?
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Do Nonprofits Encourage Environmental Compliance?

机译：非营利组织是否鼓励遵守环境规定？

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摘要

When states incompletely monitor or enforce, environmental nonprofits step in. We estimate the impact of these groups on industrial compliance with the Clean Water Act, as well as their effect on government monitoring and enforcement. We geographically link annual panel data on facility inspection rates, pollution violations, and enforcement actions with information about nearby nonprofit watershed groups. In addition to two-stage least squares estimation for endogenous efforts of nonprofits, governments, and firms, we implement a recent advance in nonlinear methods with improved fit for our fractional dependent variables. As the number of nonprofit groups increase, government decreases inspections and firms have fewer severe effluent violations. The nonprofits' oversight substitutes for government efforts by interacting directly with facilities rather than putting pressure on regulatory mechanisms. The interventions by these environmental groups encourage compliance and, based on theory, improve efficiency.
机译：当各州不完全监督或强制执行环保非营利组织时，我们会介入。我们估计这些团体对工业遵守《清洁水法》的影响，以及它们对政府监督和执法的影响。我们将有关设施检查率，污染违规和执法行动的年度专家组数据与附近的非营利性流域组织的信息进行地理链接。除了针对非营利组织，政府和公司的内在努力的两阶段最小二乘估计之外，我们还实现了非线性方法的最新进展，改进了对因变量的拟合度。随着非营利组织的数量增加，政府减少了检查，并且公司的严重违法违规行为也有所减少。非营利组织的监督通过直接与机构互动而不是对监管机制施加压力来代替政府的努力。这些环境团体的干预措施鼓励遵守法规，并在理论上提高效率。

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