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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry >Toxic volatile organic air pollutants across Canada: multi-year concentration trends, regional air quality modelling and source apportionment
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Toxic volatile organic air pollutants across Canada: multi-year concentration trends, regional air quality modelling and source apportionment

机译：全加拿大有毒挥发性有机空气污染物：多年浓度趋势，区域空气质量模型和污染源分配

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A Unified Regional Air-quality Modelling System, AURAMS, was expanded to predict six toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) within a continental domain and two nested domains covering eastern and western Canada. The model predictions were evaluated against Environment Canada's National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) data set to assess the predictive capability of the model at daily and seasonal time scales. The predictions were also evaluated with satellite-derived column total maps for formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide. In general, the model showed fair to good predictive skill in terms of both correlation (R) and normalized mean bias (NMB) for benzene (R = 0.53 NMB = 26 %), formaldehyde (R = 0.73, NMB = -15 %) and acetaldehyde (R = 0.55, NMB = 29 %). For the other toxics VOCs, the model showed less predictive skill in the order 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (R = 0.50, NMB = -41 %), 1,3-butadiene (R = 0.26, NMB = 40 %) and acrolein (R = 0.052, NMB = -51 %). The goal of this study was to apply an air quality model to assess the contribution of mobile sources to ambient levels of toxic VOCs at urban locations across Canada. The mobile source contribution varied in a complex manner for each species for different regions. For benzene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, the mobile source contribution was in the range 40-65 % for major Canadian cities. The model predicted considerably lower mobile source contributions for rural locations in the Canadian Prairies, where other area sources dominate, such as the petrochemical industry. Measured concentration trends in toxics are also presented from 2004 to 2010. The primary emitted toxics declined gradually (13-16 % over 6 yr) whereas the toxic aldehydes showed no trend.
机译：扩展了统一的区域空气质量建模系统AURAMS，以预测大陆范围内的六个有毒挥发性有机化合物（VOC）和加拿大东部和西部的两个嵌套域。根据加拿大环境部的国家空气污染监测（NAPS）数据集评估了模型预测，以评估模型在每日和季节性时间尺度上的预测能力。还使用卫星衍生的色谱柱总图对甲醛，一氧化碳和二氧化氮进行了评估。一般而言，该模型在相关性（R）和归一化平均偏差（NMB）方面，苯（R = 0.53 NMB = 26％），甲醛（R = 0.73，NMB = -15％）显示出相当好的预测技能和乙醛（R = 0.55，NMB = 29％）。对于其他有毒挥发性有机化合物，该模型显示的预测技能较低，依次为1,2,4-三甲基苯（R = 0.50，NMB = -41％），1,3-丁二烯（R = 0.26，NMB = 40％）和丙烯醛（R = 0.052，NMB = -51％）。这项研究的目的是应用一种空气质量模型来评估移动源对加拿大市区内有毒VOC的环境水平的影响。对于不同地区的每个物种，移动源的贡献以复杂的方式变化。对于苯和1,2,4-三甲基苯，加拿大主要城市的移动源贡献在40-65％的范围内。该模型预测，在加拿大大草原的农村地区，石油石化行业等其他地区资源占主导地位的农村地区，移动源的贡献将大大降低。还显示了从2004年到2010年测得的有毒物质浓度趋势。主要排放的有毒物质逐渐减少（在6年中下降13-16％），而有毒醛类则没有趋势。

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