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The Illusion of the Framing Effect in Risky Decision Making

机译：风险决策中的框架效应错觉

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The present study elucidates that the illusion of framing in risky decisions is induced by the expected losses with the shift of independent or complementary schemata. Throughout three studies, the reversal of risk preferences in the gain and loss frames was confirmed when the expected number of losses was unknown. When it was known, however, the reversal was reduced in Study 2 where the decision makers were informed of all the options in both frames, and eliminated in Study 3 where they elaborated the numbers of lives at stake before making decisions. Further, the complementary schema was more pervasive when the number of expected losses was known, while the independent schema was more common when the number was unknown. These results imply that the illusion of framing is due to the shift of schemata concerning the lives saved and lost.
机译：本研究阐明，在风险决策中构架的错觉是由独立或互补图式转移引起的预期损失引起的。在三项研究中，当预期损失数未知时，可以确认收益和损失框架中风险偏好的逆转。但是，已知的是，在研究2中减少了逆转，在研究2中决策者被告知了两个框架中的所有选择，在研究3中消除了逆转，研究3在做出决定之前详细阐述了危及生命的数量。此外，当预期损失的数量已知时，互补模式更为普遍，而当未知数量未知时，独立模式则更为普遍。这些结果表明，构架的错觉是由于图式的转移与所挽救的生命和失去的生命有关。

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