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Description-experience Gaps: Assessments in Other Choice Paradigms

机译：描述-经验差距：其他选择范式中的评估

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摘要

Researchers have become increasingly interested in the description-experience gap or the finding that people respond differently to the same quantitative information depending on whether it is described or experienced. Most studies on the gap have focused on binary choices between a safe option and a risky option and have compared decisions made from description alone versus experience alone. We review studies examining other decision-related phenomena-probability learning, the sunk-cost effect, choices in a repeated-trials prisoner's dilemma, and base-rate neglect-with an experience-based approach that often includes conditions combining description and experience. In probability learning, the sunk-cost effect and a repeated-trials prisoner's dilemma, participants come closer to behaving optimally when description and experience are simultaneously available than when experience alone is available. In studies of base-rate neglect, participants respond similarly under conditions of description alone and experience alone. Studies with nonhuman animals strengthen the generality of our conclusions regarding the sunk-cost effect and suggest a potential cause of base-rate neglect: a prior experience of having been rewarded for matching like items.
机译：研究人员对描述-体验差距或人们对同一定量信息有不同反应的发现变得越来越感兴趣，该发现取决于描述还是经历。关于差距的大多数研究都集中在安全选项和风险选项之间的二元选择上，并比较了仅根据描述和仅凭经验做出的决策。我们通过基于经验的方法（通常包括结合描述和经验的条件），对研究其他与决策相关的现象进行研究，这些研究包括概率学习，沉没成本效应，重审囚犯困境中的选择以及基本费率忽视。在概率学习，沉没成本效应和反复审判囚犯的困境中，与同时获得描述和经验相比，参与者更容易表现出最佳行为。在基本速率忽略的研究中，参与者在单独描述和单独经历的条件下做出类似反应。对非人类动物的研究加强了我们关于沉没成本效应的结论的一般性，并暗示了潜在的基准利率忽视的潜在原因：之前因匹配类似物品而获得奖励的经验。

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