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Developmental Insights into Experience-based Decision Making

机译：基于经验的决策制定的发​​展见解

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摘要

In three experiments involving children and adults (N=324), option payoffs for sure versus risky choices were either described or experienced via observation of 20 outcomes. Choices revealed a description-experience gap for payoffs with rare events, implying greater impact of small probabilities (≤.2) for described than for experienced choices. The size of this effect was independent of participant age. Therefore, the role of cognitive limitations in the description-experience distinction remains unclear, as the age groups would have differed in cognitive capacity. Age-related differences in 'sampling style' in decisions from experience were observed. Pre-choice data acquisition changed markedly with age: From frequent alternation between options towards separate systematic exploration of options with increasing age. A fourth experiment, that manipulated sampling style, failed to demonstrate its link to other age-related features of choice (e.g. risk preferences). Our studies illustrate the value of developmental research for testing theoretical claims and revealing novel phenomena in decision research.
机译：在涉及儿童和成人的三个实验中（N = 324），通过观察或观察20个结果来描述或确定肯定或冒险选择的期权收益。选择揭示了罕见事件收益的描述-经验差距，这意味着所描述的小概率（≤.2）的影响要大于经验选择。这种影响的大小与参与者的年龄无关。因此，由于年龄组的认知能力会有所不同，因此认知限制在描述-体验区分中的作用仍不清楚。观察到与经验有关的“抽样方式”与年龄有关的差异。选择前数据的获取随着年龄的增长而发生显着变化：从选项之间的频繁交替到随着年龄的增长而对选项进行单独的系统探索。操纵抽样方式的第四个实验未能证明其与其他与年龄相关的选择特征（例如风险偏好）的联系。我们的研究说明了发展性研究对于检验理论主张和揭示决策研究中的新现象的价值。

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