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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of biosocial science >CHANGING PATTERNS OF SOCIAL VARIATION IN STATURE IN POLAND: EFFECTS OF TRANSITION FROM A COMMAND ECONOMY TO THE FREE-MARKET SYSTEM?
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CHANGING PATTERNS OF SOCIAL VARIATION IN STATURE IN POLAND: EFFECTS OF TRANSITION FROM A COMMAND ECONOMY TO THE FREE-MARKET SYSTEM?

机译：波兰建筑业社会变化格局的变化：从统筹经济过渡到自由市场体系的影响？

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The aim of this analysis was to examine the effects on stature in two nationally representative samples of Polish 19-year-old conscripts of maternal and paternal education level, and of degree of urbanization, before and after the economic transition of 1990. Data were from two national surveys of 19-year-old Polish conscripts: 27,236 in 1986 and 28,151 in 2001. In addition to taking height measurements, each subject was asked about the socioeconomic background of their families, including paternal and maternal education, and the name of the locality of residence. The net effect of each of these social factors on stature was determined using four-factor analysis of variance. The secular trend towards increased stature of Polish conscripts has slowed down from a rate 2.1 cm per decade across the period 1965-1986 to 1.5 cm per decade between 1986 and 2001. In both cohorts, mean statures increase with increasing size of locality of residence, paternal education and maternal education. The effect of each of these three social factors on conscript height is highly significant in both cohorts. However, the effect of maternal education has increased substantially while that of size of locality of residence and paternal education diminished between 1986 and 2001. These results imply that the influence of parental education on child growth cannot be due solely to a relationship between education and income, but is also perhaps a reflection of household financial management which benefits child health and growth by better educated parents, regardless of level of income. In addition they suggest that, irrespective of whether there are one or two breadwinners in the family, it is the mother, more so than the father, who is principally responsible for the extent to which such management best favours child health and growth. The asymmetry between the importance of maternal as against paternal education for child growth, clearly seen in the 1986 cohort, became more accentuated in 2001, after the abrupt transition from a command to a free-market economy in the early 1990s.
机译：该分析的目的是检验在1990年经济转型前后，波兰全国19岁的应征母婴教育水平以及城市化程度的应征入伍者的两个全国代表性样本对身材的影响。数据来自两项针对19岁波兰应征者的全国性调查：1986年为27,236人，2001年为28,151人。除了进行身高测量外，还询问了每个受试者有关其家庭的社会经济背景，包括父亲和母亲的教育背景，以及他们的名字。居住地。使用四因素方差分析确定这些社会因素对身材的净影响。波兰应征入伍者身高增长的长期趋势已从1965-1986年期间的每十年2.1厘米的速率减慢到1986年至2001年之间的每十年1.5厘米的速率。在这两个队列中，平均身高随着居住地规模的增加而增加，家长教育和孕产妇教育。在这两个队列中，这三个社会因素中的每一个对应征入伍者身高的影响都非常显着。但是，在1986年至2001年期间，孕产妇教育的影响已大大增加，而居住地和父亲教育的规模却减少了。这些结果表明，父母教育对儿童成长的影响不能仅归因于教育与收入之间的关系。 ，但这也可能反映了家庭财务管理，无论收入水平如何，受过良好教育的父母都可以使孩子的健康和成长受益。此外，他们建议，无论家庭中是否有一个或两个养家糊口的人，在这种管理最有利于儿童健康和成长的程度方面，主要是母亲而不是父亲。在1990年代初期从命令性经济向自由市场经济的突然转变之后，在1986年的队列中清楚地看出，孕产妇与接受父亲教育对儿童成长的重要性之间的不对称性在2001年变得更加突出。

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