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From closed to open: A comparative stakeholder approach for developing open innovation activities in SMEs

机译:从关闭到开放:在中小企业开放开放创新活动的比较利益相关方方法

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摘要

Recent literature on open innovation (OI) highlights the need for studies regarding the factors that influence firms to switch from a closed to an OI strategy. At the same time, stakeholder literature points out the scarcity of knowledge regarding antecedent factors fostering collaboration with the firm's stakeholders and their engagement for higher value creation. To fill these gaps, we propose an analytical framework for implementing a strategic OI process through the development of stakeholder engagement. Our framework comprises 17 factors grouped in five levers: knowledge, collaboration, organizational, strategic, and financial. We empirically applied this framework to two industrial SMEs. A qualitative study was conducted based on semi-structured interviews with internal and external stakeholders of both firms. The results show that one company successfully implemented the OI process, while the other struggled to evolve from a traditionally closed innovation model to a more open model. Analyzing the results, we identified several aspects that could explain this difference. These aspects concern the OI activities performed by both firms, the combination of the five levers into a coherent OI approach, stakeholder engagement, and the characteristics of the CEOs. The current study contributes insights for theory and practice, especially as it proposes an original framework for developing a strategic OI process that integrates a stakeholder approach.
机译:最近开放创新的文献(OI)突出了对研究企业从关闭策略切换的因素的研究的需要。与此同时,利益攸关方文学指出了关于促进与企业利益相关者合作及其对更高价值创造的合作的知识的稀缺。为了填补这些差距,我们提出了通过发展利益相关者参与来实施战略性的OI流程的分析框架。我们的框架包括在五个杠杆中分组的17个因素:知识,协作,组织,战略和财务。我们经验证明了这一框架到了两个工业中小企业。根据两个公司的内部和外部利益相关者的半结构化访谈进行了一个定性研究。结果表明,一家公司成功实施了OI进程,而另一家公司则努力从传统封闭的创新模型中发展到更开放的模型。分析结果,我们确定了可能解释这种差异的几个方面。这些方面涉及两家公司执行的OI活动,五个杠杆将五个杠杆组合成一致的OI方法,利益相关者参与以及首席执行官的特征。目前的研究有助于理论和实践的见解,特别是因为它提出了一个用于制定一项整合利益相关者方法的战略性OI进程的原始框架。

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